Polyaniline template-free synthesis

X.-S. Du, C.-F. Zhou, G.-T. Wang, and Y.-W. Mai, Novel solid-state and template-free synthesis of branched polyaniline nanofibers, Chem. Mater., 20, 3806-3808 (2008). 

Cruz-Silva R, Romero-Garcia J, Angulo-Sanchez JL et al (2005) Template-free enzymatic synthesis of electrically conducting polyaniline using soybean peroxidase. Eur Polym J 41 1129-1135... 

X. Yu, Y. Li, and K. Kalantar-zadeh, Synthesis and electrochemical properties of template-based polyaniline nanowires and template-free nanofibril arrays Two potential nanostructures for gas sensors, Sens. Actuat. B, 136, 1-7 (2009). 

By integrating CNTs with PANi nanofibers, high density and high-suiface areas are possible that can lead to improvements in the conductivity and the development of electronic devices with superior properties [78]. The composites of PANi-CNT can be synthesized by various methods such as electrochemical processing, surfactant free aqueous polymerization, micelle-CNT hybrid template directed synthesis, inverse emulsion pathways, interfacial polymerization, plasma polymerization, in-situ and ex-situ polymerization. The details of these methods have been discussed by Oueiny et al. [8]. In-situ polymerization is one of the most important methods developed so far to integrate CNTs and polyaniline. Polymerization methods include stirring, static placement, sonication and emulsion polymerization [78]. 

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