Deposition electrochemical

In essence, the electric potential E applied to the working electrode acts as thermodynamic driving force for the electrodeposition which only takes place if E is chosen appropriately with respect to the redox potential Fredox of the involved redox couple, given by the Nernst equation [6] [Pg.87]

flox and flred are the activities of the oxidized and reduced form of the species, respectively, and = —AG /zF is the standard electrode potential of the redox couple A/A +defined by the Gibbs free energy A of the reaction A +-l-ne A. [Pg.87]

Thermodynamically, the electrodeposition only proceeds when the relation E Fredox in case of an oxidation and F Fredox in case of a reduction is fulfilled [6]. [Pg.87]

Further, electrochemical kinetic aspects have to be considered, which are described by the Butler-Volmer equation [5] [Pg.87]

Pt or a reactive metal electrode including Fe, Co, or Ni depending on the desired product, are usually employed [5], [Pg.88]

Toney M F, Howard J N, Richer J, Borges G L, Gordon J G, Melroy O R, Yee D and Sorenson L B 1995 Electrochemical deposition of copper on a gold electrode in sulfuric acid Resolution of the interfacial structure Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4472-5... [Pg.2759]

Material Protection. The graft copolymers of ethylene sulfide on polyethyleneimine can be used as an antifouHng anticorrosion substrate for iron (439). PEIs or their derivatives are also used in electrolysis baths as brighteners in the electrochemical deposition of metals (440,441). [Pg.13]

The other type of nickel electrode involves constmctions in which the active material is deposited in situ. This includes the sintered-type electrode in which nickel hydroxide is chemically or electrochemically deposited in the pores of a 80—90% porous sintered nickel substrate that may also contain a reinforcing grid. [Pg.544]

A lot of natural as well as technological objects of analytical control are colloidal systems, i.e. human blood, biological liquids, sol and suspension forming in different technological processes (ore-dressing, electrochemical deposition, catalysis and other), food, paint-and-lacquer materials, sewage water and other. [Pg.137]

There have been many reports on the morphology of the lithium that is electrochemically deposited in various kinds of organic electrolyte [32-39]. [Pg.343]

A number of approaches are available to improve the morphology and homogeneity of electrochemically deposited conducting polymer films. Priming of the electrode surface with a monolayer of adsorbed or covalently bonded monomer leads to more compact deposits of polyaniline,87,88 poly thiophene,80 and polypyrrole.89,90 Electrode rotation has been shown to inhibit the deposition of powdery overlayers during poly(3-methylthiophene) deposition.81... [Pg.558]

DespiC, A. R. Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Alloys and Metal Components—Fundamental Aspects 27... [Pg.602]

Such effects are observed inter alia when a metal is electrochemically deposited on a foreign substrate (e.g. Pb on graphite), a process which requires an additional nucleation overpotential. Thus, in cyclic voltammetry metal is deposited during the reverse scan on an identical metallic surface at thermodynamically favourable potentials, i.e. at positive values relative to the nucleation overpotential. This generates the typical trace-crossing in the current-voltage curve. Hence, Pletcher et al. also view the trace-crossing as proof of the start of the nucleation process of the polymer film, especially as it appears only in experiments with freshly polished electrodes. But this is about as far as we can go with cyclic voltammetry alone. It must be complemented by other techniques the potential step methods and optical spectroscopy have proved suitable. [Pg.14]

Several demonstrations of this concept have recently been published The first one is based on the pH dependence of redox transitions in oxide semiconductors that are connected with conductivity changes. If the bridging polymer layer in Fig. 6 is WO3 sputtered onto the electrode array or electrochemically deposited Ni(OH)j the transistor amplification is a function of the pH of the... [Pg.78]

Deslouis C, Maurin G, Pebere N, Tribollet B (1988) Investigation of tellurium electrocrystal-Uzation by EHD impedance technique. J Appl Electrochem 18 745-750 Yagi I, Nakabayashi S, Uosaki K (1998) In situ optical second harmonic rotational anisotropy measurements of an Au(l 11) electrode during electrochemical deposition of tellurium. J Phys Chem B 102 2677-2683... [Pg.76]

In the case of electrochemical deposition, several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the formation of the end-product film, the difference among them consisting in the assumed electrochemical step. This may be the reduction of selenosulfate (3.3), inducing deposition of the metal (3.4) ... [Pg.82]

Pourbaix diagrams for the aqueous Cd-S, Cd-Te, Cd-Se, Cu-In-Se, and Sb-S systems have been compiled and discussed by Savadogo [26] in his review regarding chemically and electrochemically deposited thin Aims for solar energy materials. Dremlyuzhenko et al. [27] analyzed theoretically the mechanisms of redox reactions in the Cdi xMn , Te and Cdi- , Zn i Te aqueous systems and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the semiconductor surfaces as a function of pH. [Pg.85]

In the following, selected results will be presented on the conventional electrochemical synthesis of metal chalcogenide binary and ternary systems, conducted by employing variants of the methods outlined in the previous sections. A brief account of chemical bath deposition principles exemplified will be addressed at the end of this chapter, as being closely related to electrochemical deposition of thin films. [Pg.88]

It should be stressed that the key point in the recent success of ZnS application in thin film solar cells is the use of chemical rather than electrochemical deposition (CBD), which is successfully applied also for obtaining Cdi- Zn S films. Note though that smdies on the chemical growth of ZnS are limited compared to CdS, and the level of understanding of the deposition mechanism is inferior. [Pg.103]

Consideration of the chemistry that implements non-electrochemical solution growth processes along with related mechanistic aspects may be useful to enhance the understanding of electrochemical deposition in similar baths. The chemical deposition of CdS has been chosen as a model for this discussion by reason of the wealth of related publications and the advanced level of knowledge existing for this system (e.g., [45]). [Pg.132]

McCann JE, SkyUas Kazacos M (1981) The Electrochemical deposition and formation of cadmium sulphide thin film electrodes in aqueous electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem 119 409-412... [Pg.141]

Fatas E, Duo R, Herrasti P, Aijona F, Garcia-Camarero E (1984) Electrochemical deposition of CdS thin films on Mo and A1 substrates. J Electrochem Soc 131 2243-2246... [Pg.141]

Basol BB (1988) Electrodeposited CdTe and HgCdTe solar Cells. Sol Cells 23 69-88 Bhattacharya RN, Rajeshwar K, Noufi RN (1985) In situ preparation of p-Type CdTe thin films by cathodic electrodeposition. J Electrochem Soc 132 732-734 Llabres J (1984) In situ preparation of undoped p-Type CdTe by cathodic electrochemical deposition. J Electrochem Soc 131 464 65... [Pg.143]

Rastogi AC, Balakrishnan KS (1989) MonocrystaUine CdTe thin films by electrochemical deposition from aprotic electrolytes. J Electrochem Soc 136 1502-1506... [Pg.144]

Kashyout AB, Arico AS, Monforte G, Crea E, Antonucci V, Giordano N (1995) Electrochemical deposition of ZnFeS thin film semiconductors on tin oxide substrates. Sol Energy Mater Sol CeUs 37 43-53... [Pg.144]

Gal D, Hodes G (2000) Electrochemical deposition of ZnSe and (Zn,Cd)Se films from nonaqueous solutions. J Electrochem Soc 147 1825-1828... [Pg.145]

Natarajan C, Sharon M, Levy-Clement C, Neumann-SpaUart M (1995) Electrochemical deposition of n-zinc mercury selenide thin films. Thin Solid Films 257 46-53 Weiss G (1946) Ann Chim 1 446. [Pg.146]

Chandra S, Sahu SNJ (1984) Electrodeposited semiconducting molybdenum selenide films. 1. Preparatory technique and stractural characterization. J Phys D Appl Phys 17 2115-2123 Dukstiene N, Kazancev K, Prosicevas 1, Guobiene A (2004) Electrodeposition of Mo-Se thin films from a sulfamatic electrolyte. J SoUd State Electrochem 8 330-336 Ponomarev EA, Neumann-SpaUart M, Hodes G, Levy-Qement C (1996) Electrochemical deposition of M0S2 thin films by reduction of tetrathiomolybdate. Thin SoUd EUms 280 86-89... [Pg.146]

Kois J, Volobujeva O, Bereznev S (2008) One-step electrochemical deposition of CuInSe2 absorber layers. Phys Status Solidi C 5 3441-3444... [Pg.147]

MoUn AN, Dikusar Al (1995) Electrochemical deposition of PbSe thin films from aqueous solutions. Thin Solid Films 265 3-9... [Pg.148]

Streltsov EA, Osipovich NP, Ivashkevich LS, Lyakhov AS, Sviridov VV (1998) Electrochemical deposition of PbSe Films. Electrochim Acta 43 869-873... [Pg.148]

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