Synthesis template-free

She G, Zhang X, Shi W, Cai Y, Wang N, Liu P, Chen D (2008) Template-free electrochemical synthesis of single-crystal CuTe nanoribbons. Cryst Growth Des 8 1789-1791... 

Li, X., Gao, Y., Yu, L., and Zheng, L. (2010) Template-free synthesis of CdS hollow nanospheres based on an ionic liquid assisted hydrothermal process and their application in photocatalysis. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 183 (6), 1423-1432. 

Galindo, H.M., Carvajal, Y., Njagi, E., Ristau, R.A. and Suib, S.L. (2010) Fadleone-step template-free synthesis of uniform hollow microstructures of cryptomelane-type manganese oxideK-OMS-2. Langmuir, 26, 13677-13683. 

This elegant synthesis has demonstrated the possibility of using a hydrogen bond-acceptor template to prepare template-free interlocked species (in a similar fashion to Sauvage s catenanes syntheses which make use of transition metals as templates). 

Cruz-Silva R, Romero-Garcia J, Angulo-Sanchez J, Ledezma-Perez J, Arias-Martfn E, Moggio I, Flores-Loyola E (2005) Template-free enzymatic synthesis of electrically conducting polyanihne using soybean peroxidase. Eur Polym J 41(5) 1129-1135... 

DNA polymerases cannot initiate synthesis of a complementary strand of DNA on a totally single-stranded template. Rather, they require an RNA primer—that is, a short, double-stranded region consisting of RNA base-paired to the DNA template, with a free hydroxyl group on the 3 -end of the RNA strand (Figure 29.15). This hydroxyl group serves as the first acceptor of a nucleotide by action of DNA polymerase. In de novo DNA synthesis, that free 3-hydnoxyl is provided by the short stretch of RNA, rather than DNA. 

Additionally a template-free synthesis route has been followed in order to obtain pure ZSM-5 or ZSM-35 products. The batch compositions were the following ... 

In consideration of the fact that even a template-free synthesis is possible it is not easy to understand that all different groups of compounds should have the same structure-directing effect. For a more plausible explanation we must consider the reaction mixture as a whole and discuss the combined effects of all components. Table III is an attempt to systematize the effects of different components. 

To draw conclusions concerning the templating effect of different molecules, comparable conditions for the crystallization process must be used. In this paper we present a systematic investigation on the effect of mono-, di- and tri-n-alkylamine and tetraalkylammonium compounds (alkyl = C. - C,) upon the rate of crystallization, yield and the properties of the products. Also the field of a template-free synthesis is studied. The products were characterized by magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS NMR) and X-ray diffraction. 

Some of the samples were synthesized ithout A190 . The syntheses with tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPA J ) as template were carried out with a varying Si09/Al90 ratio in the range 25 - 400. The batch composition of the template-free synthesis was... 

A template-free synthesis can be performed in a limited range of the SiC /AKO, ratio. Based on these results a zeolite of pentasil-type is industrially produced by Chemiekombinat Bitterfeld, GDR. 

Pan M and Lin YS. Template-free secondary growth synthesis of MFI type zeolite membranes. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2001 43 319-327. 

A description of the event of DNA synthesis allows us to make use of two of the concepts introduced herein. During DNA synthesis, incoming free deoxyri-bonuclcotidcs find their match (on the DNA template), but as soon as a match is... 

The zeolite H-Y 92 containing 8% of the original content of Na" " cations was prepared by a repeated exchange of a sample of Na-Y (Si/Al=2.6) in an aqueous solution of NH4NO3 followed by calcination by Dr. J. Meusinger. For the zeolite H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al =17) the template-free synthesis and the transformation into the hydrogen form were performed by Dr. W. Schwieger [3]. 

In spite of their highly open structures, both materials may be synthesized without structure directing agents. Since most transition metal phosphates containing template molecules typically cannot be calcined without pore collapse, template-free synthesis appears to be the most promising direction for the formation of new porous materials. The exciting properties observed in the VSB family are likely glimpses of what may occur in other transition metal phosphate systems once thermal stability problems are overcome. 

The chemical methods for the preparation of nanomaterial could be categorized as either template-directed or template-free. The template synthesis methods commonly used for the production of one-dimensional nanostructured PANI are further subdivided into hard template (physical template) synthesis and soft template (chemical template) synthesis approach according to the solubility of the templates in the reaction media. Non-template routes for the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructured PANI such as rapid-mixing reaction method, radiolytic synthesis, interfacial polymerization, and sonochemical synthesis have also been reported [56], Other approaches like combined soft and hard template synthesis are also known. An overview of hard-template, soft-template, and template-free procedures are presented in the following paragraphs. 

K. Kunii, K. Narahara, and S. Yamanaka, Template-free Synthesis of A1P04-H1,-H2, and-H3 by Microwave Heating. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 2002, 52, 159-167. 

H. Wang, B.A. Holmberg, and Y. Yan, Synthesis of Template-free Zeolite Nanocrystals by Using In Situ Thermoreversible Polymer Hydrogels. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 9928-9929. 

In addition, hydrotrope solutions have been involved in reactions concerning solid particles. As examples may be mentioned the template-free synthesis of microtubules [34], important materials in nano-technology, and the more sophisticated role of hydrotropes to concurrently optimize the interfacial tension and the colloidal stabilization of rhodium particles in biphasic liquid-liquid alkene hydrogenation catalysis [35], Finally reaction kinetics has been used as a means to follow the association of hydrotrope molecules in aqueous solutions [36],... 

Synthesis of PANI in Template-Free, Dispersed and Micellar Media... 

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