Metal template-assisted synthesis

Tantalum hydride on Si02, supported metal complexes, 62 Template-assisted synthesis anodic alumina templates, 169-170 description, 169... 

A template assisted synthesis of MWNTs in an anoidic almninum oxide (AAO) on metal surfaces has been shown to produce aligned MWNTs. Well-aligned MWNTs have been grown perpendicular to the substrate from a quartz plate and it has been noticed that the length of the tube increases... 

Metal template-assisted star polymer synthesis 65... 

Garsuch A, MacIntyre K, Michaud X, Stevens DA, Dahn JR (2008) Fuel cell studies on a nonnoble metal catalyst prepared by a template-assisted synthesis route. J Electrochem Soc 155 (9) B953-B957... 

Garsuch A, d Eon R, Dahn T, Klepel O, Garsuch RR, Dahn JR (2(X)8) Oxygen reduction behaviour of highly porous non-noble metal catalysts prepared by a template-assisted synthesis. J Electrochem Soc 155 B236—B243... 

Another method of template-assisted synthesis, mainly used for the growth of metal nanowires, involves the deposition of metal into the cyUndrical pores or channels of an inert, non-conductive nanoporous electrode material. Track etch membranes, porous alumina, nanoporous conductive rubber polymers, metals, semiconductors, carbons and other solid materials have been used as templates to prepare nanometer-sized particles, fibrils, rods and tubules. The experimental set... 

The interest in rotaxanes, pseudorotaxanes, and catenanes (i.e., molecules that contain non-covalently interlocked components) stems from their potential use as building blocks in molecular devices. Their syntheses usually rely on some sort of template assistance, such as the preorganization of the assembly s components around a metal center. While cationic templates have been widely used in this context, only a few examples of anion-directed synthesis of interlocked molecules have been reported. In fact, although rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes have been prepared in this way (as discussed in this section), to date there is no reported example of anion-directed synthesis of catenanes. 

A variety of solution methods such as seed-assisted growth, template-based synthesis, polyol method, solvothermal method and oriented attachment have also been developed for the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures. Here we will present various examples of the nanowires including metals, oxides, chalcogenides and pnictides with different synthetic methods. 

Table 1 summarizes some microstructural and electrochemical properties of porous Si anode materials, as pertaining to the second approach mentioned above, collected from the literature published since 2005. Several synthesis methods have been identified for preparing the porous Si anode materials (column 1, Table 1). One of the two most adopted methods is known as the metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE denoted as E in Table 1). The fundamental principle of this method can be found in the handbook chapter Porous Silicon Formation by Metal Nanoparticle Assisted Etching. Figure 2 shows an example of the MACE-derived porous Si particle. The other most adopted method is magnesiothermic reduction (denoted as M in Table 1). In this method (see handbook chapter Porous Silicon Formation by Porous Silica Reduction ), porous Si oxide materials are reduced by magnesium vapor under high-temperature thermal treatment. The porous Si oxide precursors may be synthesized via the conventional sol-gel processes. Porous Si particles with unique pore structures, such as hollow interior and ordered mesoporosity, may be obtained from Si oxides having the same pore structures which are achieved by using proper templates.

Template-assisted electrodeposition is another important technique for synthesizing metallic nanomaterials with controlled shape and size. Arrays of nanostmctured materials with specific arrangements can be prepared by this method (Bera et al., 2004 Gurrappa and Binder, 2008). Template synthesis of nanomaterials is reported widely (Fumeaux et al, 1989 Martin, 1994 Hulteen and Martin, 1997 Schonenberger et al., 1997 ElGiar et al, 2000 Tiginyanu et al, 2008 Baranov et al, 2010). 

Bern D., Kuiry S. C. and Seal S. (2004), Synthesis of nanostructuied materials using template-assisted electrodeposition . Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 56(1), 49-53, doi 10.1007/sll837-004-0273-5. 

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