Tamarind

The tamarind fruit from six different areas of Madagascar were ana- 

The tamarind fruit that is grown in upper Egypt is brewed into a popular soft drink. The oil yield and fatty acid composition were very different from the Indian tamarind. The seeds contain 16.25% oil with a composition that is high in linoleic, oleic and lauric acids (Table 5.11). Lesser amounts of stearic and linolenic were present. The tamarind seed meal was also low in protein (2.66%) compared to other oil seeds (cottonseed, peanut) but does contain a substantial amount of sugar (25.28%) which would give the meal a high caloric value if used as an animal feed (Morad et al., 1978). 

A study was done by Marangoni et al. (1988) on tamarind grown in Trinidad which was reported to be typical of the West Indies. The seeds were separated from the pulp, washed, air-dried and ground. The crude fat and crude protein of the ground seed were 4.5% and 15.5%, respectively. The protein levels in the Trinidad tamarind were much higher than 

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Tamarind Gum. Tamarind gum [39386-78-9] is another seed gum with potential industrial appHcation. It is obtained from the seed kernels of the tamarind tree, Tamarindus indica which is cultivated in India and Bangladesh. The seeds are a by-product from the production of tamarind pulp which is used as a food flavor. Seed production is 150,000 t/yr. 

Tamarind kernel powder is insoluble in cold water, but upon heating forms thick viscous coUoidal dispersions at relatively low concentrations (2—3%). Upon drying, elastic films are formed. Tamarind seed polysaccharide is used as a low cost textile sizing agent in India. 

Tamarind seed polysaccharide, the gum fraction obtained from tamarind kernel polysaccharide, forms gels over a wide pH range in the presence of high sugar concentrations (>65 wt%), and it can therefore substitute for fmit pectins (65). 

Both types of xyloglucans exhibit monolayer sorption onto cellulose (116) and tamarind xyloglucan exhibits maximum specific sorption onto cellulose less than that of coniferous xylan. By inference with other data, this is also less than that of glucomannan and hardwood xylan, but similar to many additives used in the paper industry. 

Talwert, m. minimum (on a curve). Tamarindemnus, n. tamarind pulp. 

Mr. Cardoz has an unseen ace in his hand a martini with Indian kokum juice, which is similar to tamarind, but he can t get it here. He s trying. 

Spice Market s cocktail menu includes a mai tai, the drink invented in 1944 by Victor Trader Vic Bergeron at his restaurant in Oakland, California. But the rum cocktail that is more to the point is rum tamarind punch, a Spice Market original, which extends the tradition of exotic punches popularized by Trader Vic s international franchise in the 1950s with pedigree and surprise. It is two ingredients, aged rum and tamarind nectar, a juice beverage, and it is sensational. 

Tamarind Rum Punch, 158 Tea, Long Island Iced, 32 Ten Sage, 190 Titanic, 28... 

Bella Donna, 76 Bleeding Heart, 103 Lucy Colada, 85 Southside, 120 Tamarind Rum Punch, 158 rum, light ... 

Xyloglucans are classified as gum when they are extractable with hot water from seed endosperm cell walls, such as the tamarind seed xyloglucan, and as hemicelluloses because they are alkali-extractable from the cell walls of vegetative plant tissues where they are closely associated with cellulose [2]. Also /3-glucans with mixed linkages appear under the name gum as well as hemicellulose in the literature. 

The rheological behavior of storage XGs was characterized by steady and dynamic shear rheometry [104,266]. Tamarind seed XG [266] showed a marked dependence of zero-shear viscosity on concentration in the semi-dilute region, which was similar to that of other stiff neutral polysaccharides, and ascribed to hyper-entanglements. In a later paper [292], the flow properties of XGs from different plant species, namely, suspension-cultured tobacco cells, apple pomace, and tamarind seed, were compared. The three XGs differed in composition and structural features (as mentioned in the former section) and... 

Tamarind seed XG has been used to affect the rheological properties of other hydrocolloids such as starch [296,297]. Rheological experiments and... 

DSC revealed that the XG and starch did not interact synergistically and hence did not promote the formation of three-dimensional network structures. However, the hydrocolloid significantly decreased the retrogradation and syneresis of the starch paste, particularly in blends with a starch/XG ratio of 8.5/1.5. Mixing 1% or 2% tamarind XG with 9% cornstarch resulted in an increase in the paste viscosity from 385 to 460 and 560 BU (Brabender units), respectively [298]. The XG is associated with starch, as was evident from the lowering of the pasting temperature and the synergistic increase in pseudoplasticity and yield value of the blend pastes. However, carboxymethylated and hydroxypropylated XGs showed a diminished interaction. 

The tamarind seed XG exerts several biological activities, such as marked inhibitory effect on the binding of BK virus to cells [299] and immunomodulatory effects [300]. Recently, it was reported [301] that XG affects the proliferation of cytokines in various skin-cell lines (Fig. 14) such as HaCaT cells (im-... 

Fig. 14 Effect of the molecular weight of tamarind seed xyloglucan depolymerized by ( ) 7-irradiation, ( ) ultrasonication, and ( ) endo-glucanase treatment on the production of various cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor a, TNE-a Interleukin 8, IL-8 Interleukin 10, IL-10 and Interleukin 12, IL-12) in HaCaT cells (Immortalized keratinocytes line) [301]...

From tamarind seed xyloglucan, carboxymethyl derivatives with different levels of DS were prepared in isopropanol medium [440]. Swelling power, solubihty and tolerance to organic solvents of the derivatives increased with increasing DS. The interaction properties of the unmodified xyloglucan with calcium chloride and sodiiun tetraborate were found to be reversed upon car-boxymethylation. 

HCV is a small enveloped single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and Hepacivirus genus [12]. Other Flaviviridae members include the flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus, and pestiviruses, which are responsible, for example, for bovine viral diarrhea [13]. The most closely related virus identified to date is GBV-B, which infects the tamarind, a new world monkey. GBV-B has also been tentatively classified as a Hepacivirus... 

Gum arabic Gum kadaya Locust bean Tamarind Tragacanth Acacia segalencis and other acacia trees, native to eastern Africa Sterculia urens trees from India Seeds of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) trees Seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) trees Astragalus gummifer shrubs from southern Europe and the Middle East... 

Occurs naturally in brown juniper, Spanish cedar, peppermint (2 to 20 ppb), tarragon, asparagus shoots, ylang-ylang, jasmine, tea leaves, coffee beans, Japanese privet, white mulberries, raspberries, vanilla, blueberries, sour cherries, anise, and tamarind (Duke, 1992). 

Table II. Effects of xyloglucan oligosaccharide subunits on auxin-stimulated growth of pea epicotyl segments in vivo and pea endo-1,4-/ -glucanase activity in vitro. Growth of segments in 1 //M 2,4-D was measured after 18 h. Endo-1,4-/J-gIucanase activity was determined viscometrically after 30 min using tamarind xyloglucan as substrate. Data calculated from refs. 50 and 51...

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