Tamarind indica

Tamarind Gum. Tamarind gum [39386-78-9] is another seed gum with potential industrial appHcation. It is obtained from the seed kernels of the tamarind tree, Tamarindus indica which is cultivated in India and Bangladesh. The seeds are a by-product from the production of tamarind pulp which is used as a food flavor. Seed production is 150,000 t/yr. 

Gum arabic Gum kadaya Locust bean Tamarind Tragacanth Acacia segalencis and other acacia trees, native to eastern Africa Sterculia urens trees from India Seeds of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) trees Seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) trees Astragalus gummifer shrubs from southern Europe and the Middle East... 

Tamarind Seeds of tamarind [Tamarindus indica) trees... 

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is an important tropical tree widely grown in India. Although its fruit can be used for wine production, its wine is not preferred due to its high acidity. An attempt has been made to convert its wine into vermouth of acceptable quality (Lingappa et ah, 1993). In this process, the base wine was made from tamarind fruit (50 g/L), at 0.9% acidity, followed by raising the TSS to 23 °Brix and adding 150 ppm sulfur dioxide. Fermentation was conducted by S. cere-visiae var. ellipsoideus at 27 1 °C. Both dry and sweet vermouths, with 17% alcohol content, were found acceptable. 

Lingappa, K., Padshetty, N. S., and Chowdary, N. B. (1993). Tamarind vermouth-a new alcoholic beverage from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Indian Food Packer 47(1), 23. 

Tamarind Tamarindus indica L. Fruit Indonesia, Vietnam... 

Sudjaroen,Y., Haubner, R., Wilrtele, C., Hull, W.E., Erben, G., Spiegelhalder, B., Changbumrung, S., Bartsch, H.and Owen, R.W. (2005) Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind (Famarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp. Food and Chemical Toxicology 43(11), 1673-1682. 

The tamarind, Tamarindus indica L. (family Leguminosae), is a widely distributed tree spice which is also grown as a shade tree on highways. It is one of the most important multi-purpose tree species in the Indian subcontinent. It is a large evergreen tree with an exceptionally beautiful spreading crown and is cultivated throughout almost the whole country, except in the Himalayas. It is cultivated in more than 53 countries in the world. 

Ahmed, J., Ramaswamy, H.S. and Sashidhar, K.C. (2007) Rheological characteristics of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) juice concentrates. LWT 40, 225-231. 

Bhatta, R., Krishnamoorthy, U. and Mohammed, F. (2000) Effect of feeding tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed husk as a source of tannin on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and production performance of crossbred dairy cows in mid-lactation. Animal Teed Science and Technology 83(1), 67-74. 

Bhattacharya, S., Bal, S., Mukherjee, R.K. and Bhattacharya, S. (1993) Some physical and engineering properties of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed. Journal of Food Engineering 18, 77-79. 

Pino, J.A., Marbot, R. and Vazquez, C. (2004) Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba. Journal of Tssential Oil Research 16, 318-320. 

Sagrero, L., Bartley, J.P. and Provis Schwede, A. (1 994) Supercritical fluid extraction of the volatile constituents from tamarind (Tamarindus indica l.). Journal of Essential Oil Research 6, 547-548. 

Sharma, S. and Bhardwaj, R. (1997) Tamarind - A Suitable Fruit Crop for Dry Arid Regions. Proceedings of National Symposium on Tamarindus indica L., 27-28 June, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, Government of Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 4-6. 

Srinivasa, R.P., Ajithapriya, J., Kachireddy, V.N., Reddy, S., and Krishnaiah, A. 2007. Biosorption of hexavalent chromium using tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell— A comparative smdy. Environmental Biotechnology, 10(3) 358-67. 

Bhattacharya, S., Bal, S., Mukheqee, R. K., and Battacharya, S. 1991. Rheological behaviour of Tamarind Tamarindus indica kernel suspension. J. FooJEng. 13 151-158... 

Manohar, B., Ramakrishna, P., and Udayashankar, K. 1991. Some physical properties of tamarind Tamarindus indica L. juice concentrates. J. Food Eng. 13 241-258. 

Tamarind or Tamarindus indica L. of the Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, is an important food in the tropics. It is a multipurpose tree of which almost every part finds at least some use 17), either nutritional or medicinal. Tamarind is indigenous to tropical Africa but it has been introduced and naturahzed worldwide in over 50 coimtries. The major production areas ate in the Asian coimtries India and Thailand, but also in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Indonesia. In America, Mexico and Costa Rica are the biggest producers. Africa on the whole does not produce tamarind on a cotmnercial scale, though it is widely used by the local people. Minor producing countries in Africa ate Senegal, Gambia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia (5, 17). 

The amino acid profile of tamarind leaves showed that the leaves of T. indica were potentially acceptable protein sources that would complement the amino acid profile and thus improve the protein quality of local diets (5). These same authors (5) also report that tamarind leaves only contained traces of a and B-carotene. 

Tamarind fruits are reported to have anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties (Ray and Majumdar, 1976, Guerin and Reveillere, 1984, Bibitha et al, 2002, Metwali, 2003, and John et al, 2004, all cited in (5)). According to Al-Fatimi and collaborators 11), in an agar diffusion assay, extracts from T. indica flowers showed antibacterial activity against four bacteria tested Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Antimicrobial activity of T. indica study has been attributed to lupeol (Ali et al, 1998, cited in 11)). 

Tamarindus. Tamarind. Tamarindus Indica. W. III. 577. Fruotus conditus. The preserved fruit. 

The phenomenon of nyctinasty or plant sleep has been recorded since the ancient time of Alexander the Great.83 For example, the pinnate leaves of a large tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) fold together at night as if the tree sleeps.83 In 1995 Yamamura and coworkers isolated 3.1 mg of phyllanthrinolactone (41, Figure 2.27) from 19.2 kg of the fresh nyctinastic plant Phyllanthus urinaria as its leaf-closing factor.84 It is bioactive only for that plant in the daytime at a very low concentration of 1 x 1(T7M. 

Tamarind, Partially dried ripe fruit of Tamarindus indica L., Leguminosae, preserved in sugar or syrup. Habit. East Indies, India, Africa naturalized in West Indies, Cort-stit The pulp contains about 10% tartaric acid, also some citric and malic acids 25-40% invert sugar, pectin. Review Rao, Srivastava, in Industrial Gums, R, L. Whistler, Ed, (Academic Press, New York, 2nd ed., 1973) pp 369-411. 

Indian date. See Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Indian dill seed oil. See Dill (Anethum sowa) seed oil... 

Talloyl-1-(hydroxyethyl) imidazoline. See Tall oil hydroxyethyl imidazoline T.A.M.. See Thenoyl methionate Tamanoi 100S. See Novolac resin Tamanoi 135, Tamanoi 145, Tamanoi 510, Tamanoi 520S, Tamanoi 526, Tamanoi 577-, Tamanoi 581, Tamanoi 582 Tamanoi 722 Tamanoi 803L Tamanoi 101 OR Tamanoi AS Tamanoi PA. See Phenolic resin Tamarind. See Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Tamarind extract Tamarind gum. See Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)... 

Synonyms Indian date Tamarind Tamarindus indica... 

Regulatory FDA 21CFR 182.20, GRAS Japan approved, restricted as color Manuf./Distrib. Chart http //www.chartcorp.com, Frutarom http //www.frutarom.com Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract CAS 84961-62-6 EINECS/ELINCS 284-651-8 Synonyms Tamarind extract Tamarind gum Tamarindus indica Tamarindus indica extract Definition Extract of the pulp of the tamarind, Tamarindus indica... 

Tamarindus indica Tamarindus indica extract. See Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract Tamaron . See Methamidophos TAME. Seet-Amyl methyl ether T-Amine WR-500. See 2-Dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol... 

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) extract Tangerine (Citrus reticulata) extract ... 

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