Heat forming

Tamarind kernel powder is insoluble in cold water, but upon heating forms thick viscous coUoidal dispersions at relatively low concentrations (2—3%). Upon drying, elastic films are formed. Tamarind seed polysaccharide is used as a low cost textile sizing agent in India. 

Thermolysis. Lower tetraalkyl titanates are reasonably stable and can be distilled quickly at atmospheric pressure. Protracted heating forms condensation polymers plus, usually, alcohol and alkene. Longer or more branched chains are less stable. Thus, tetra- -pentyl titanate [10585-24-7] can be distilled at 314°C and 101.3 kPa (1 atm), whereas tetra- -hexyl titanate [7360-52-3] must be distilled at below 18.7 kPa (140 mm Hg) and tetra- -hexadecyl... 

Easily decomposed, volatile metal carbonyls have been used in metal deposition reactions where heating forms the metal and carbon monoxide. Other products such as metal carbides and carbon may also form, depending on the conditions. The commercially important Mond process depends on the thermal decomposition of Ni(CO)4 to form high purity nickel. In a typical vapor deposition process, a purified inert carrier gas is passed over a metal carbonyl containing the metal to be deposited. The carbonyl is volatilized, with or without heat, and carried over a heated substrate. The carbonyl is decomposed and the metal deposited on the substrate. A number of papers have appeared concerning vapor deposition techniques and uses (170—179). 

Decomposes violently on heating. Forms explosive peroxides with air or oxygen. Polymerizes under pressure and heat. 

Benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt [1008-72-6] M 208.2, m dec on heating. Forms prisms or plates by extracting with boiling EtOH, filtering, evaporate to dryness and recrystallise the Na salt from a small volume of H2O. The N-phenylhydrazone sodium salt recrysts from H2O, m 174.5°. [Gnehm and Schiile Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 299 363 1898.]... 

Powdered polyethylene is also used to bond cloth interliners to garments. Automobile carpets are often made with a polyethylene rather than a latex backing because the polyethylene-backed carpet can be heat-formed so that the carpet will fit the shape of the car floor and cutting and sewing operations are consequently eliminated. 

A novel fluorination technique features reaction of primary amines with 2,4,6-triphenyIpyrlium fluonde to give 2,4,6-tnphenylpyndinium fluoride, which on heating forms primary fluondes [I, 2] (equation 1 and Table 1)... 

A pure white substance, on heating, forms a colorless gas and a purple solid. Is the substance an element or a compound ... 

Tetranitro-1-Naphthol (2,4,5,7-Tetra-nitro- 1-hydroxy naphthalene). Mp 180°, yellowish leaflets or needles. SI sol in cold AcOH, better in hot AcOH si sol in benz (Ip in 220p benz at 18°). Prepn from 4-brom-l,3,6,8-tetranitro naphthalene by heating on a w bath with an excess of Na carbonate soln. Explds on heating. Forms some expl salts Refs 1) Beil 6, 620 2) V. Merz W. Weith,... 

K3N puffs into flaming decompn when heated to 355°. It also unites with P or S when heated, forming a highly inflammable mixt Refs 1) Gmelin, Syst Nr 22 (1937), 247 2) Mellor 8 (1928), 99 3) Partington (1949),... 

One must realize that once complete metal deposition has been attained, the emf across the electrodes cannot be switched off before the cathode has been taken out of the solution and rinsed with water, otherwise the metal deposit may start to redissolv e in the solution as a consequence of internal electrolysis by the counter emf. After disconnection the electrode is rinsed with acetone and dried at 100-110° C for 3-4 min. The analytical result is usually obtained from difference in weight of the dry cathode before and after electrolysis. In a few instances a copper- or silver-plated Pt cathode or even an Ag cathode is used, e.g., Zn and Bi are difficult to remove entirely from Pt, as they leave black stains and on heating form an alloy with the noble metal for this and other reasons (see below) the experimenter should consult the prescriptions in handbooks149. 

After the ripe pods are harvested, they are cut open and the beans and adhering pulp are removed for fermentation. It is during the process of fermentation that cacao acquires much of its characteristic flavor and aroma. Fermentation soon occurs due to the high sugar content of the pulp and the presence of microorganisms. The sugars are converted to alcohols and finally to acetic acid, which drains off. The acetic acid and heat formed... 

Benzoyl peroxide when heated formes a free radical. The free radical undergoes addition reaction with the monomer... 

The most important alkyds are obtained from glycerol and phthalic anhydride. A linear polymer can be obtained by heating them at 180°C in ratio 2 3 (i.e., excess of acid). This polymer when heated forms cross-links and yields a thermosetting insoluble resin. 

Paraskevopoulou, A., and Kiosseoglou, V. (1997). Texture profile analysis of heat-formed gels and cakes prepared with low cholesterol egg yoUc concentrates. /. Food Sci. 62, 208-211. 

It may be however that the thermal conductivity of the gas plays some role. The value for hydrogen is somewhat higher than those for the other diatomics indicating that more heat (formed in the bubble during collapse) will be dissipated in the surrounding liquid effectively decreasing the maximum temperature, attainable in the bubble. 

An aromatic compound A on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound B which on heating with and KOH forms a compound C of molecular formula CgH N. Write the structures and lUPAC names of compounds A, B and C. 

To produce the melted polymer, the polymer chips, rods, marbles, or sheets are heated forming a melted pool of material. In order to minimize oxidation, the melted polymer is blanketed by an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. The fluidity (inverse of viscosity) of the melt increases with increased temperature as does the cost to provide the necessary energy and tendency for unwanted reactions to occur. Thus, the polymer melt is generally assisted to and through the spinneret by means of an extruder, which may also be used to supply some or all of the heating. 

There has always been an abundance of natural fibers and elastomers, but few plastics. Of course, early humans employed a crude plastic art in tanning the protein in animal skins to make leather and in heat-formed tortoise shells. They also used naturally occurring tars as caulking materials and extracted shellac from the excrement of small coccid insects Coccus laced). 

The element combines with many nonmetals upon heating, forming its binary salts. It combines with halogens when heated, forming the corresponding halides. Heating with phosphorus, sulfur, and tellurium produces phosphide, CdsP2 sulfide, CdS and teUuride, CdTe salts, respectively. 

Violent reactions occur in dilute mineral acids with evolution of hydrogen. Ca reacts with carbon dioxide on heating, forming calcium oxide and calcium carbide ... 

White gelatinous precipitate decomposes on heating, forming oxide soluble in acids and ammonium carbonate solution insoluble in alkalis. 

It is oxidized by air or weak oxidizing agents, forming cobalt(III) carbonate, Co2(C03)3. It decomposes on heating, forming the oxides of cobalt with the evolution of CO2. 

Copper combines with chlorine on heating forming copper(ll) chloride. This dissociates into copper(T) chloride and chlorine when heated to elevated temperatures. 

It polymerizes on heating forming cyanuric chloride, C3N3CI3, a cyclic triazine compound. 

The metal combines with sulfur and phosphorous on heating, forming the sulfide and phosphide salts, respectively. Metalloid elements, such as arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium also combine with indium at elevated temperatures, forming their respective binary salts. 

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