Caloric value

HES containing 90% fmctose is used in low calorie or specialty foods because of its high sweetness and, therefore, reduced usage level and lower caloric value. Crystalline fmctose is essentially pure and used at a level that provides sweetness at a lower caloric level than other sweeteners (qv). Initial use was in diet and nutritious foods but appHcation has now been extended to many other food areas, such as powdered beverages, dry mix desserts, dairy products, and confections. 

Calit. a ceramic for insulators. T. N. Calorienwert, m. caloric value, calorimetrieren, v.t. measure with the calorimeter. 

Fig. 3. Caloric value of the product gas from different fluidized bed gasification systems.

Amino acids are the building blocks of body proteins. There is no excess storage form of protein in the body, so amino acids are an essential component of the PN admixture. Amino acids are provided to preserve or replete lean body mass and visceral proteins and to promote protein anabolism and wound healing. Amino acids are a source of calories with a caloric value of 4 kcal/g. 

It would seem that normally the oxidation of ketone bodies would proceed largely to completion in the liver by the ketolytic mechanism. Whenever the supply of carbohydrates here is sufficiently reduced, appreciable amounts of ketones then escape oxidation and pass into the blood. When the concentration of ketones becomes sufficiently elevated, a ketonuria occurs and also some ketones will be utilized by the tissues. Such a theory would largely limit the ketolysis mechanism to the liver. It would explain the specificity of the sugars in preventing ketonuria and the discrepancy between the amount of D-glucose required to prevent ketosis and the caloric value of the fat spared. It is further supported by the demonstration that the liver is capable of exhibiting ketolysis. 

Caloric value, enthalpy kcal/(g mol) kj/kmol 4.184s E + 03... 

Foods that yield in the range of 5-10 calories/g protein should be excellent dietary sources of protein. However, those that yield 50-100 or more calories/g protein should probably be used more where calories for energy are needed and supplemented with other protein sources. In many countries man has supplemented his diet with protein by the consumption of animal products and meat in order to eliminate this problem and balance the protein-caloric values. 

Table VIII. Protein and Caloric Value of Different Types of Vegetables (Per 100 g Fresh wt)a...

Von Schonfeld J, Evans DF, Renzing K, Castillo FD, Wingate DL. Human small bowel motor activity in response to liquid meals of different caloric value and different chemical composition. Dig Dis Sci 1998 43 265-269. 

B-512F Dextransucrase has also been used in conjunction with endodextranase to produce a product with a high content of isomaltose and D-fructose (24). The D-fructose can be removed by a Ca-cation exchange resin, giving an isomaltose syrup. The isomaltose can then be catalytically reduced to isomaltitol, which is sweet and of low caloric value. 

It is recommended that about half of the energy intake should be in the form of carbohydrates, a third at most in the form of fat, and the rest as protein. The fact that alcoholic beverages can make a major contribution to daily energy intake is often overlooked. Ethanol has a caloric value of about 30 kj g (see p. 320). 

The measurement of the amount of heat released or absorbed in a reaction also included in this category are determinations of heat capacities, latent heats, and caloric values of fuels. See also Differential Scanning Calorimetry... 

Constraint (3.5) is the fuel system material balance where the term represents the caloric value equivalent for each intermediate cir CB used in the fuel system at plant i I. The fuel production system can either consist of a single or combination of intermediates u,cr c r i and products The matrix (3crjfip... 

Sea animals are rich in soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with low caloric value. Polysaccharides from marine animals have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal values in addition to their current status as a source of dietary fibers and prebiotics. Moreover, they have a lot of dietary fiber, which lowers blood cholesterol, and iodine, which improves metabolism, vascular and cardiac action, body temperature, and perspiration regulation, and are effective in... 

The resulting reduction in caloric value of browned or caramelized foods is of little significance for well-fed Americans. Loss of biologically available amino acids is of concern only for those consuming diets of marginal protein quality. 

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