Tobacco cell cultures

Protein increases Barley leaves (D) Tobacco cell cultures (S and PEG)... 

Ericson, M. Alfinito, S.H. (1984). Proteins produced during salt stress in tobacco cell culture. Plant Physiology, 74, 506-9. 

Fig. 15.2 N-dealkylation of atrazine. Reproduced with permission. Bode M, Stobe P, Thiede B, Schuphan I, Schmidt B (2003) Biotransformation of atrazine in transgenic tobacco cell culture expressing human P450. Pest Manag Sci 60 49-58. Copyright Society of Chemical Industry. Permission granted by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of the SCI...

Hao, D. Y. and Yeoman, M. M. 1996. Nicotine N-demethylase in cell-free preparations from tobacco cell cultures. Phytochemistry, 42(2) 325-329. 

NT624 Nagai, N., Y. Kojima, M. Shimosaka, and M. Okazaki. Effects of kinetin on L phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ac-tivity in tobacco cell culture. Agr Biol Chem 1988 52(10) 2617-2619. 

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBVD) primarily infects poultry. VP2 of IBVD has been expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. While the serum antibody response in chickens fed with leaf extracts worked less efficiently than commercial vaccine (60% versus 90%) it worked just as efficiently (80%) when used in a booster format along with the commercial vaccine (Wu et al., 2004, 2007). In addition to this, tobacco cell cultures have been... 

Tobacco cell culture Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies Girard et al., 2006 0.5 mg/L Disposable plastic bioreactor... 

Plant cell culture has been used extensively for the production of biopharmaceuticals. A few examples are illustrated here, and a more extensive list can be found in Table 6.4. Smith et al. (2002) employed both soybean and tobacco cell lines to produce a hepatitis virus surface antigen (HBsAg), to be used as a vaccine, in shaker flask cultures. The authors found that the titers of HBsAg in soybean cell culture were 65 pg/g fresh weight, and 10-fold lower in tobacco cell culture, resulting in productivities of 1 mg/L/d and 0.16 mg/L/d, respectively. These numbers correspond well with those found for yeast batch cultures (1.5 mg/L/d). 

Ninomiya, Y., Ueki, K. Sato, S. (1977). Chromatographic separation of extracellular acid phosphatase of tobacco cells cultured under Pi-supplied and omitted conditions. Plant and Cell Physiology 18, 413-20. 

IMANISHI, S., HASHIZUME, K., NAKAKITA, M., KOJIMA, H MATSUBAYASHI, Y., HASHIMOTO, T., SAKAGAMI, Y., YAMADA, Y NAKAMURA, K., Differential induction by methyl jasmonate of genes encoding ornithine decarboxylase and other enzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco cell cultures. Plant Mol. Biol., 1998,38,1101-1111. 

Figure 10.5 Plant cell cultures have proven to be very useful for studying plant-pathogen interactions and isoprenoid metabolism. Tobacco cell cultures respond rapidly to the addition of fungal elicitors (0.5 pg cellulase/ml of culture) by browning (A) (analogous to a hypersensitive response) and the production of phytoalexins (B). Media was collected from elicited cell cultures at the indicated times, partitioned against an organic solvent, and concentrated aliquots run on a silica TLC plate. The plates were then sprayed with a suspension of Cladosporium cucumerinum spores and incubated in a humid environment for 5 days before viewing (B). The compound released from the elicitor-treated tobacco cells that inhibits spore germination is capsidiol, a sesquiterpene.

Figure 10.11 A proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of capsidiol in elicitor-treated tobacco cell cultures. Earlier work had not resolved how 5-epi-aristolochene, synthesized from FPP by the action of 5-epi-aristolochene synthase, was converted to capsidiol.

Several studies have implicated a role for cytokinins in the regulation of both the Gj—S cycle418,463 and the G2— M phase transition417,464 of the cell cycle. Cytokinin activates Arabidopsis cell division through induction of D-type cyclin, CycD3, at the Gi—S cell cycle phase transition.463,465 A sharp increase in the levels of cytokinins was reported in tobacco cell cultures at the G2—M phase.417 Roots of multiple mutants of cytokinin receptor genes show delay of the transition in G -M phase.466... 

Miscellaneous Conjugates. Several xenobiotic acids conjugate with malonic acid alone. Since 0-amlno acids often are sequestered as IJ -malonyl derivatives by plants, it is not surprising that D-gj-fluorophenylalanlne is converted to such a malonate by tobacco cell cultures (103). is a metabolite of carboxin in a... 

Van der Zaal, E.J., Memelink, J., Mennes, A.M., Quint, A., Libbenga, K.R. 1987. Auxin-induced mRNA species in tobacco cell cultures. Plant MolBiol. 10 145-157. 

From the equation, w and Fq can be estimated fi om a plot of 1/X- dS/dt) against ju. The values observed for Yq and m are in good agreement with those reported previously by Kato and Nagai (1979)1 calculated from tobacco cell cultures i.e., m values were smaller and Yq values were higher compared to the values reported for many microorganisms. 

Francisco JA, Gawlak SL, Miller M, et al. Expression and characterization of bryodin 1 and a bryodin 1-based single-chain immuno-toxin from tobacco cell culture. Bioconjug. Chem., 1997 8(5) 708-713. 

Ghoi, S.M., et ah. High expression of a human lactoferrin in transgenic tobacco cell cultures. Biotechnol Lett, 2003 25(3) 213-218. 

Ramirez N, Lorenzo D, Palenzuela D, Herrera L, Ayala M, Puentes A, Perez M, Gavilondo J, Dramas P (2000) Single-chain antibody fragments specific to the hepatitis B surface antigen, produced in recombinant tobacco cell cultures. Biotechnol Lett 22 1233-1236. 

N. Takahashi Relationship between hormone content and autonomy in various autonomous tobacco cells cultured in suspension Plant Cell Physiol. 20 (1979) 1489-1499. 

Berlin, J. Formation of putrescine and cinnamoyl putrescines in tobacco cell cultures Phytochemistry 20 (1981) 53-55. 

Thus new approaches were taken. Genetic analyses of tobacco cell culture mutants resistant to SM and CS demonstrated that mutation of a single nuclear gene conferred a resistant phenotype upon tobacco but did not Indicate a biochemical target. Since mutations selected In cell culture cause resistance In regenerated plants. It was suspected that CS and SM might Inhibit a basic metabolic step common to all plant cells (11). 

Berlin and Witte (89) have determined that PAL, rather than substrate supply, is most important in regulating cinnamoyl putrescine synthesis in tobacco cell cultures. 

C. sorokiniana and L. paucicostata suggests that Eqs. (17) and (18) may proceed in chloroplasts (See Section III,D), as does the observation that tobacco cells cultured under heterotrophic conditions and free of chloroplasts synthesized GSH at much lower rates than those cultivated in the light and containing chloroplasts (Bergmann and Rennenberg, 1978). 

In this example airlift bioreactors were used as it was generally assumed that plant cells are difficult to grow in stirred fermentors, due to their sensitivity for shear forces. However recent studies in our laboratories have shown that this is not a general characteristic of plant cells. Efforts to measure the shear sensitivity of Catharanthus roseus cell cultures were not succesful, as even at stirrer speeds as high as 1000 rpm (normal speed 100 rpm) in a 3 1 vessel, the cells were still viable after one month. Similar results were found for tobacco cell cultures (6). This means that stirred fermentors can also be considered for large scale culture, which makes the economy more favourable, as such fermentors do already exist in fermentation industry, whereas airlift bioreactors are scarcely used. 

In tobacco cell cultures, a UDP-glucose o-dihydroxycou-marin 7-0-glucosyltransferase mediates glucosylation of es-culetin (3) with strict positional specificity (Brown, 1986). 

Moyano E, Palazon J, Bonfill M, Osuna L, Cusid6 RM, Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Pinol MT (2007) Biotransformation of hyoscyamine into scopolamine in transgenic tobacco cell cultures. J Plant Physiol 164(4) 521-524. doi 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.012... 

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