Swiss albino mice

The LD p of pal oxin in female Swiss Albino mice 24 hours following intra-peritoneal injection is 5 x 10 mg/kg (5). The immune sera also neutralized palytoxin s lethal effects. As shown in Figure 3, 11/12 mice were killed by palytoxin (1 X 10 mg/kg), whereas 0/12 and 0/11 mice were killed by palytoxin when injected intraperitoneally in the presence of the immune serum. None of the protected mice showed any signs of distress. 

Jahangir T et al (2005) Alleviation of free radical mediated oxidative and genotoxic effects of cadmium by farnesol in Swiss albino mice. Redox Rep 10(6) 303-310... 

In animals, the reported oral LD50 values are 53,700 mg/kg body weight for male albino rats (Dogra et al. 1987), 13,000 mg/kg for Swiss albino mice (Dogra et al. 1989), and >12,800 mg/kg for mice (Eastman Kodak Company 1978). Dosing was by gavage in these studies. No additional studies were located regarding death in animals after oral exposure to di-w-octylphthalate. 

The immune system of the mouse may also be susceptible to the effects of acute oral exposures to di-/ -octylphthalate (Dogra et al. 1989). Three-month-old Swiss albino mice were exposed to di-n-octylphthalate by gavage for 5 days at 0, 650, or 2,600 mg/kg/day (acute LD50 was 13,000 mg/kg). Mice were subsequently exposed by intraperitoneal injection to either encephalomyocarditis virus or the malarial protozoan, Plasmodium berghei. Maximum mortality levels were reached 8-10 days after viral infection and were 20% (0 mg/kg/day), 40% (650 mg/kg/day), and 70% (2,600 mg/kg/day). Malarial lethality reached plateau levels 4-11 days postinfection of approximately 20% (0 mg/kg/day), 25% (650 mg/kg/day), and 70% (2,600 mg/kg/day), then increased to 55%, 70%, and 85%, respectively, by postinfection day 19. Respective mean survival times were calculated to be 13.50, 12.15, and 6.25 days. During the first 14 days after protozoal infection, the percentage of mouse erythrocytes infected with the parasite in the high-dose... 

Effect of the extracts on the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice was determined according to Whittle method with some modifications [5]. Each test sample was administered orally to a group of ten mice, which were male Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) were purchased from the animal breeding laboratories of Refik Saydam Central Institute of Health (Ankara, Turkey), in 0.2 mF20 g body weight. Thirty minutes after the administration each mice was injected with 0.1 ml of 4% Evans blue (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) in saline solution (/.v.) at the... 

Mathur A, Bhatnagar P A teratogenic study of carbaryl in Swiss albino mice. Eood Chem ToxiVo/29 629-632, 1991... 

Zernig G, Troger J, Saria A (1993) Different behavioral profiles of the non-peptide substance P (NKl) antagonists CP-96,345 and RP 67580 in Swiss albino mice in the black- and-white box. Nemosci Lett 151 64-66... 

NT126 Pakhale, S. S., S. Sarkar, K. Jayant, and S. V. Bhide. Carcinogenicity of Indian bidi and cigarette smoke condensate in Swiss albino mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1988 114(6) 647-649. 

Calberg-Bacq, C.-M. Francois, C., Gosselin, L., Osterrieth, P. M. and Rentier-Delrue, F. 1976. Comparative study of the milk fat globule membrane and the mouse mammary tumour virus prepared from the milk of an infected strain of Swiss albino mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 419, 458-478. 

In five of six nondietary tumor-promotion experiments, sodium selenide significantly reduced the number of mice with tumors induced by 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene (DMBA)-croton oil (1). In these experiments, sodium selenide was applied concomitantly along with croton oil to female Swiss albino mice initiated with DMBA. Riley has also observed a reduction in DMBA-phorbol ester carcinogenesis by sodium selenide (2). The effect of selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate diets on DMBA-croton oil and benzopyrene skin carcinogenesis has also been studied. Supplemental dietary selenium inhibited both types of carcinogenesis. 

Several animal studies provide evidence that chromium(VI) is a developmental toxicant in rats and mice. A series of studies (Junaid et al. 1996a Kanojia et al. 1996, 1998) was conducted to assess whether premating exposure to potassium dichromate would result in developmental effects. In the first study, groups of 15 female Swiss albino mice were exposed to 0, 52, 98, or 169 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as potassium dichromate in drinking water for 20 days (Junaid et al. 1996a) and then mated with untreated... 

The clastogenic effects of male Swiss albino mice fed chromium(VI) trioxide (20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage were studied after 24 hours, bone marrow cells were isolated and 500 metaphase plates were scored for chromosomal aberrations (Sarkar et al. 1993). The treated cells showed a significant increase in aberrations per cell over controls by 4.4-fold. When animals were treated simultaneously with chlorophyllin (1.5 mg/kg), a sodium-copper derivative of chlorophyll and an antioxidant, numbers of aberrations were reduced to nearly background levels. 

Mace prevented 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced carcinogenesis in the uterine cervix of Swiss albino mice (Hussain and Rao, 1991). Oral administration of mace at a dose of lOmg/mouse/day for 7 days before and 90 days following carcinogen thread insertion reduced cervical carcinoma incidence by 50%. 

Essential oil from nutmeg suppressed the formation of DNA adducts by afla-toxin B1 in vitro in a microsomal enzyme-mediated reaction (Hashim et al., 1994). A diet containing 1% mace inhibited the DMBA-induced papillomagenesis in the skin of male Swiss albino mice (Jannu et al., 1991). 

An aqueous extract of fenugreek at 50-200 mg/ kg of body weight showed a stimulatory effect on the immune system of Swiss albino mice (Bin Hafeez et al., 2003). 

Hilado, C.J., C.J.Casey, and A.Furst. 1977. Effect of ammonia on Swiss albino mice. J.Combust. 

In the in vivo studies this compound offered significant protection to Swiss albino mice at a concentration of 30 ig/mouse (p > 0.001) (Table 15). The drug was capable of reducing the number of viable bacteria in the organ homogenates of mice challenged with a virulent bacterium (Table 16). 

During in vivo study, YS06 offered significant protection (p < 0.001 according to chi-square test) to Swiss albino mice challenged with 50 MLD of the virulent bacterium at concentrations of 160 and 80 pg/mouse (Table 24). 

Falconer, I.R., Hardy, S.I, Humpage, A.R., Froscio, S.M., Tozer, G.I, and Hawkins, PR. 1999. Hepatic and renal toxicity of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Cylindrospermopsisraciborskii ) in male Swiss albino mice. Environ Toxicol 14 143-150. 

The crude holothurins from Philippine sea cucumbers belonging to Holothuriidae family have indirect mutagenic and clastogenic activity. Although no activity was noted in vitro (Rec- assay and Ames test) after metabolic activation, these holothurins produced aberration scores in Swiss albino mice (micronuclear test) when administered intraperitoneally [29]. Nevertheless, at peroral injection, they exhibited a 35-fold reduction in activity, which indicates inactivation in the alimentary canal [29]. On the contrary, Polycarpova et al. showed the absence of mutagenic activity of cucumarioside - triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber Cucumaria Japonica [27]. 

Acute exposure to allyl alcohol causes liver and kidney damage. Allyl alcohol is classified as a periportal hepatotoxicant since it selectively damages the periportal region of the liver. Studies have shown that in adult rats, allyl alcohol produces a moderate to marked periportal necrosis with attendant inflammation, hemorrhage, and also decreases hepatic cytochrome P-450, benzphentamine N-demethyla-tion, and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylation activities by 30%. In immature rats, it lowered both cytochrome P-450 activity (30%) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (75%). Benzphetamine N-demethyl-ation was not significantly affected in immature rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 1.5 mmol kg of allyl alcohol to starved Swiss albino mice causes the development of hemolysis in 50% of the animals. Other toxic effects include renal necrosis, pulmonary edema, and central nervous system effects at higher dose levels. 

Peak radioactivity concentrations in the tissues occurred 16 hours after food consumption. The maximum concentrations of " C-activity equivalent to a value of 0.08% of the dose were present after 8 hours in the rat blood. In the companion study, male Swiss albino mice (CD-I) were given a single oral dose of 0.5 g (4 Ci) C-labeled grana cheese. The highest concentrations of radioactivity in the liver, kidney, adipose tissue, spleen, testes, brain, and muscle occurred 4 hours after administration. The maximum concentrations of " C-activity equivalent to a value of 0.03% of the dose were present after 2 hours in the blood of mice. 

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