Mouse erythrocytes

BHK21/C13 (baby hamster kidney) C13/B4 virus transformed C13/SR7 virus-transformed Erythrocytes (or stroma) human Erythrocytes (human) Erythrocytes (mouse) Ascites tumor (mouse)... 

Mouse bone marrow polychromatic-erythrocyte assay (micronucleus test) Micronuclei B Usha Rani et al. 1980... 

Homogenates of MetruUum senile, possibly the world s most common large sea anemone, yield extracts that are powerfully hemolytic for washed mammalian erythrocytes (22). The active substance, metridiolysin, is a protein of molecular weight approximately 80,000. In contrast to the sphingomyelin-inhibitable toxins, metridiolysin is an acidic protein having a pi of about 5. It is thermolabile and is inactivat by proteolytic enzymes. The optimal pH for hemolysis is between 5 and 6, and at pH 8 the lysin is inactive. It can be dissociated into two subunits of unequal size. Besides being cytolytic in vitro, metridiolysin is lethal when injected intravenously into mice. As shown in Table IV erythrocytes from the horse or dog are about a hundred times as sensitive to lysis as those from the mouse, and erythrocytes from other animals tested are intermediate in sensitivity. 

Figure 9.5 Healthy volunteer monocytes after erythrophagocytosis. Rabbit erythrocytes were incubated with heat-inactivated mouse antirabbit erythrocyte serum. Human peripheral blood monocytes (MN) were obtained after Ficoll-Paque isolation and monocyte clumping with subsequent separation from lymphocytes, yielding a 95 % pure MN population. Non-ingested erythrocytes were removed by hypotonic lysis.

Elevated ET-1 in SCA patients, even in the steady state, may play an important role in the dehydration of sickle erythrocytes and the resulting enhanced intra-erythrocytic HbS polymerization. Indeed, it has been shown that ET-1 activates Ca2+- gated K+ channels in mouse erythrocytes [34]. ET-1, as a pro-inflammatory agonist, has been shown to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes. One of the cytokines, namely TNFa enhances the adherence of sickle erythrocytes to vascular endothelium [35]. In addition, endothehns upregulate the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules such as ICAM-l, VCAM-1 and E-se-lectin, which participate in the recruitment of white cells to the site of inflammation. The overall conclusions that can be drawn from these data is that ET-1 plays a critical role in the vasospasm and inflammation that result in VOC. The major effect of HU in ameliorating the clinical symptoms of SCA likely results from its ability to inhibit the chronically activated ET-1 expression in SCA patients. 

Rivera A, Rotter MA, Brugnara C. Endothelins activate Ca(2+)-gated K(+) channels via endothelin B receptors in CD-I mouse erythrocytes. Am J Physiol 1999 277 C746-754. 

Schlick, E., K. Mengel, and K.D. Friedberg. 1983. The effect of low lead doses in vitro and in vivo on the d-ala-rf activity of erythrocytes, bone marrow cells, liver and brain of the mouse. Arch. Toxicol. 53 193-205. 

The mouse micronucleus test (which detects chromosome breakage or chromosome loss from mitotic abnormalities in bone marrow erythrocytes) (MacGregor et al. 1979). 

Zenda, N. et al., Erythrocyte-dependent mitogenic activity of epigallocatechin gallate on mouse splenic B cells, Int J Immunopharmacol, 19, 399, 1997. 

The first site of myelopoiesis75 in the mouse embryo is the fetal liver, where the common myeloid progenitor, the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte-restricted progenitors and granulocyte-monocyte restricted progenitors are present. Myelopoiesis occurs in the fetal liver in the same manner as in adult bone marrow.81 However, the proliferation capacity, colony forming activity and differentiation capacity is different between the fetal liver and adult bone marrow.81... 

Fig. 9.1 Immunolocalization of Adenosine Receptor A (FITC, green) in mouse myocardium using mouse monoclonal primary antibody after blocking mouse endogenous immunoglobulins by preincubation with unconjugated Fab fragment Goat Antimouse IgG. Red color accounts for cardiomyocytes and erythrocytes autofluorescence captured under illumination with a filter excit ing the autofluorescence in red spectrum. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Courtesy of Stephanie Grote...

Fig. 11.1 Localization of adenoviral mediated GFP expression in the mouse myocardium. GFP is targeted to T tubules along myofibers and to nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Red autofluorescence of cardiomyocytes and erythrocytes was captured with a filter exciting the autofluorescence in red spectrum under a longer exposure than with the filter exciting fluorescence in the green spectrum. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI. Courtesy of Larissa Fabritz...

Among the gangliosides, GM4 [ct-NeuAc-(2 — 3)-/ -Gal-(l — 0)-Cer] has a relatively simple chemical structure. It has been detected in human and chicken brain and also (119) as a major ganglioside of mouse erythrocytes, chicken-embryonic liver, and egg yolk. With the help of the azidosphingo-sine glycosylation it has been synthesized very efficiently from the neuraminic acid-containing galactosyl donor 11a-/ (Table XI) (120-122). Similarly the thio isomer was obtained from lib-/ and (120,123) the positional isomer from llc-a. 

Petrikovics I, Pei L, McGuinn WD, et al. 1994. Encapsulation of Rhodanese and organic thiosufonates by mouse erythrocytes. Fund Appl Toxicol 23 70-75. 

It has been known since the early 1950s that turmeric had strong antioxidant effects with curcumin being the major compound responsible followed by demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. All three inhibit lipid peroxidation and have a positive anti-oxidant effect for hemolysis and lipid peroxidation in mouse erythrocytes.11 Curry pills containing turmeric are being marketed as a prevention for colon cancer.29... 

The immune system of the mouse may also be susceptible to the effects of acute oral exposures to di-/ -octylphthalate (Dogra et al. 1989). Three-month-old Swiss albino mice were exposed to di-n-octylphthalate by gavage for 5 days at 0, 650, or 2,600 mg/kg/day (acute LD50 was 13,000 mg/kg). Mice were subsequently exposed by intraperitoneal injection to either encephalomyocarditis virus or the malarial protozoan, Plasmodium berghei. Maximum mortality levels were reached 8-10 days after viral infection and were 20% (0 mg/kg/day), 40% (650 mg/kg/day), and 70% (2,600 mg/kg/day). Malarial lethality reached plateau levels 4-11 days postinfection of approximately 20% (0 mg/kg/day), 25% (650 mg/kg/day), and 70% (2,600 mg/kg/day), then increased to 55%, 70%, and 85%, respectively, by postinfection day 19. Respective mean survival times were calculated to be 13.50, 12.15, and 6.25 days. During the first 14 days after protozoal infection, the percentage of mouse erythrocytes infected with the parasite in the high-dose... 

Most tissues have well-defined patterns of esterase activity. Thus, the ESI synthesized in mouse liver constitutes the major esterase activity in murine plasma. It has been postulated that the ES2 present in the lymph plays an essential role in fat resorption [92], Four esterases designated ES5, SEI, SEII, and SEIII are restricted to serum and have not been identified in other tissues. The content of ES6 is highest in organs with active fat metabolism, but is absent in serum and erythrocytes. ES7 is present in erythrocytes, lung, tongue, testis, and most other tissues but not in plasma and brain. 

Moused erythrocytes of femoral bone marrow Induction of micronuclei - Mohtashamipuret al. 1987... 

Carcinogenesis was not observed in 18-month or longer feeding studies in rats. DBP was not mutagenic in bacterial assays but did induce mutations in mouse lymphoma cells. After in vivo administration to mice there was no increase in micronucleated erythrocytes. ... 

Immunological Effects. The effects of carbon tetrachloride on the immune system have not been evaluated in humans. Immune responses were not affected in rats orally exposed to carbon tetrachloride (Smialowicz et al. 1991). Parenteral exposure of animals to carbon tetrachloride has been reported to impair the immune system (Kaminski et al. 1989 Muro et al. 1990 Tajima et al. 1985), and oral exposure caused depletion of lymphocytes, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin deposition in the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node (Doi et al. 1991). These findings are supported by in vitro studies in which the IgM antibody formation response of isolated mouse splenocytes to sheep erythrocytes was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when the splenocytes were exposed to carbon tetrachloride for 1-3 hours in the presence of cocultured hepatocytes (Kaminski and Stevens 1992). No effects were observed in the absence of cocultured hepatocytes. Mice appear to be more sensitive than rats to carbon tetrachloride-induced immunosuppression, but the biological significance to humans of these reported effects are yet ascertainable from the available data. 

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