Genotoxic effects

Literature reports iadicate that sodium sorbate causes weak genotoxic effects such as chromosomal aberrations and mutations ia mammalian cells (172,173). This effect is thought to be caused by oxidative products of sodium sorbate ia stored solutions (173—175). The main oxidation product of sodium sorbate, 4,5-oxohexenoate, is mutagenic ia a Salmonella mammahan-microsome test (176). Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate were not genotoxic under the same test procedures (167,172,174—177). 

Recently, 202 and 203 were found to significantly reduce the mutation frequency induced by BaP in vivo as well (00UP3). Previously, flie same group had pointed out that some genotoxic effects could result from UV irradiation of tryptophan, but this had not been attributed to lipophilic substances like 202 and 203 (94MI5). 

No studies were located regarding genotoxic effects in animals after inhalation exposure to methyl parathion. 

Grover IS, Malhi PK. 1985. Genotoxic effects of some organophosphorus pesticides. I. Induction of micronuclei in bone marrow cells in rat. Mutat Res 155 131-134. 

Genotoxic Effects. Endosulfan has been evaluated for genotoxicity in a variety of in vivo and in vitro assays. As summarized in Tables 2-4 and 2-5, the results of these assays have been positive and negative, but the majority of mutagenicity tests reported positive results. Certain studies were unsatisfactory, as indicated below. 

Popov VB, Protasova GA, Radilov AS. 1998a. Embryo-and genotoxic effects of two endosulfan forms in the culture of rat and mouse pre- and postimplantation embryos. Ontogenez 29(2) 104-112. 

Genotoxic effects of crnde jnices from Brassica vegetables andjnices and extracts from ph)dopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells , Chemico-Biological Interact, 102 1-16. 

KASSIE F, PooL-zoBEL B, PARZEFALL w and KNASMULLER s (1999) Genotoxic effects of benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural chemopreventive agent . Mutagenesis, 14 595-604. 

Another study showed that a mixture of oxidative metabolites of P-carotene, but not P-carotene, was able to increase the binding of benzo[a]pyrene to DNA. Other mixtures of P-carotene cleavage products have been shown to induce oxidative stress in vitro,exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and inhibit gap junction intercellular communications. It has been suggested that these detrimental effects could possibly occur in vivo following the intake of high doses of carotenoids. 

Sommerburg, O. et al.. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects due to beta-carotene cleavage products possibly formed in inflamed lung tissue. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 36, S56, 2004. 

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