Triterpene glycoside

Dioscorea batatus Decaisue Shu Yu (Yam) (root) Allantoin, arginine, d-abscisin, mannan, phytic acid, diosgenin, protein, glycosides, triterpene glucosides.48-461-462 Antitumor, sore throat, swelling, food poisoning, goiter, hernia, purulent inflammations. 

Bodinone glycoside (triterpene glycoside) Schfflera bodinieri (Araliaceae) [leaf, root] mACh-R ligand (4) [1]... 

Triterpenes. The triterpenes (30 carbon atoms) are widely found in nature, especially plants, both in the free state and as esters or glycosides. A smaller but important group, including lanosterol [79-63-0] (114), occurs in animals. The triterpene hydrocarbon, squalene [111-02-4] (115), occurs in the hver oils of certain fish, especially those of sharks. 

Triphenodioxazines 411 Triphosphate (cyclic) 172 Tripolyphoqjhate 172 Trisacchaiic 331 Triterpene 70,206,210,211,430 -, alcohols 404 -, derivatives 43 -, glycosides 62 Triton X-100 108 Trough chambers 125 Tryptamine 76, 98,254, 364 Tryptophan 76,246, 364 Tungsten cations 398 Tungsten incandescent lamp 21,22 Twin-trough chamber 87,126 T)framine 355... 

There has been considerable discussion regarding the mode of action of the sea cucumber and starfish saponins. Both the triterpene and steroidal glycosides inhibit both Na/K ATPase and Ca/Mg ATPase 06) possibly as a result of their aglycone structures. However, their detergent properties cause membrane disruption which will influence the activity of membrane-bound enzymes such as the ATPases. In investigating the actions of saponins on multilamellar liposomes, it was found that cholesterol serves as the binding site for such saponins and that cholesterol-free lip-somes are not lysed by saponins 107). 

Saponins are a family of glycosides (sugar derivatives) widely distributed in plants. Each saponin consists of a sugar moiety bound to a sapogenin (either a steroid or a triterpene). The immunostimulatory properties of the saponin fraction isolated from the bark of Quillaja (a tree) has been long recognized. Quil A (which consists of a mixture of related saponins) is used as an adjuvant in selected veterinary vaccines. However, its haemolytic potential precludes its use in human vaccines. Research efforts continue in an attempt to identify individual saponins (or derivatives thereof) that would make safe and effective adjuvants for use in human medicine. 

Sesquiterpene dialdehydes, dimenoic acid glycosides, haloethers Prosobranchia Triterpenes Pulmonata Polyproprionates... 

Kubanek J, Whalen KE, Engel S, Kelly SR, Henkel TP, Fenical W, Pawlik JR (2002) Multiple defensive roles for triterpene glycosides from two Caribbean sponges. Oecologia 131 125-136... 

Nakamura, S., Sugimoto, S., Matsuda, H., and Yoshikawa, M. (2007b). Medicinal flowers. XVll. New dammarane-t rpe triterpene glycosides from flower buds of American ginseng, Panax quinqu oUum L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 55,1342-1348. 

Yoshikawa, M., Murakami, T., Ueno, T., Yashiro, K., Hirokawa, N., Murakami, N., Yamahara, J., Matsuda, H., Saijoh, R., and Tanaka, O. (1997b). Bioactive saponins and glycosides. Vlll. Notoginseng (1) New dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, Notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, and -D, from the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 45,1039-1045. 

Mate contains both caffeine (0.4-2.4%) and theobromine (0.3-0.5%). Also found are triterpene saponins and the caffeic acid derivatives—chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid. Flavonoids in mate are rutin, isoquercetin, and kaemferol glycosides. A nitrile glycoside, menisdaurin, is also present, which is noncyanogenic. 

The plant Stevia rebaudiana bertoni has been studied in depth because it was discovered that this plant is the source of six sweet-tasting diterpene glycosides. They are stevioside, rebaudiosides A, C, D, E and dulcoside A. (Table 1). These sweet diterpene glycosides, as well as a complex mixture of organic compounds of which more than a hundred compounds have been identified, are found mainly in the leaves of the plant. The leaves contain a complex mixture of labdane diterpenes, triterpenes, stigmasterol, tannins and volatile oils. There is an abundance of reviews and patents relating to these sweet diterpene glycosides. 

Previously (3 ), some sixteen distinct triterpene skeletons in two classes were isolated and reported from this group of cacti. Standard isolation procedure for these compounds requires hydrolysis of sugars, so the glycosidic structures have not been described. As the data presented previously imply, individual glycosides are the compounds of ecological interest. 

Takahashi, H. et al., Triterpene and flavanone glycoside from Rhododendron simsii. Phytochemistry, 56, 875, 2001. 

Me5Te-Silva, C. et al., A triterpene and a fiavonoid C-glycoside from Aleurites moluccana L. Willd., Act. Farm. Bonaer., 16, 169, 1997. 

Hosny, M. and Rosazza, J.P.N., New isoflavone and triterpene glycosides from soybeans. Journal... 

Vanderlei MF, Silva MS, Gottlieb HF, Braz-Filho R. Iridoids and Triterpenes from Hi-matanthus phagedaenica the Complete Assignment of the Proton and Carbon-13 NMR Spectra of Two Iridoid Glycosides. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 1991 2(2) 51-55. 

Many triterpenes also have anti herbivore activity. In general, those which are highly oxygenated seem to be more active in this regard M). The role of cardiac glycosides, insects and their predators has been reviewed (91-94). A number of metabolically altered triterpenes from the Rutaceae, Meliaceae and Simaroubaceae are antifeedants. Extracts of neem tree seeds (Azadirachta indica. Meliaceae) were shown to be repellent to a number of insects when applied to various crop plants at low concentrations. The probable active compound is tetranortriter-pene, azadirachtin (9 ). This compound from the leaves and fruits... 

Sesbinia sesbin (L.) Merrill. Indian Tian Qing (root, leaf, bark, seed)57 Saponins, triterpene glycosides, steroid glycosides, glycoalkaloids, kaempferol trisaccharide.342 343 344 Diuretic, irregular menses, externally for bug bites, antitumor. 

N.A. Triterpene glycosides, actein, tannins, cimicifugoside, isoflavones, isoferulic acid, salicylic acid, resin.99-100 103 119-120 Promote menstrual flow, antirheumatic, expectorant, sedative. Treat inflammatory arthritis, high blood pressure, whooping cough, and asthma. 

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