Surfactants alpha olefin sulfonates

Surfactant-Oil-Electrolyte Systems. In this study we used as surfactants alpha-olefin sulfonates C. , C,., and (anionic surfactants, product of Ethyl Corp.) and Enoraet AE 1215-30 (nonionic surfactant, product of Shell Development Co.). For all easurements, the surfactant concentration was chosen at 3.16 x 10 mol/1, several times above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). These particular surfactants (and concentrations) were chosen on the basis of industrial applications (6,7,15). 

Gravity override of low density steam leads to poor volumetric sweep efficiency and low oil recovery in steam floods. Nonchemical methods of improving steam volumetric sweep efficiency include completing the injection well so steam is only injected in the lower part of the oil-bearing zone (181), alternating the injection of water and steam (182), and horizontal steam injection wells (183,184). Surfactants frequently are used as steam mobihty control agents to reduce gravity override (185). Field-proven surfactants include alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS), alkyltoluene sulfonates, and neutralized... 

Thermal stabihty of the foaming agent in the presence of high temperature steam is essential. Alkylaromatic sulfonates possess superior chemical stabihty at elevated temperatures (205,206). However, alpha-olefin sulfonates have sufficient chemical stabihty to justify their use at steam temperatures characteristic of most U.S. steamflood operations. Decomposition is a desulfonation process which is first order in both surfactant and acid concentrations (206). Because acid is generated in the decomposition, the process is autocatalytic. However, reservoir rock has a substantial buffering effect. 

The alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) have been found to possess good salt tolerance and chemical stabiUty at elevated temperatures. AOS surfactants exhibit good oil solubilization and low iaterfacial tension over a wide range of temperatures (219,231), whereas less salt tolerant alkylaromatic sulfonates exhibit excellent chemical stabiUty. The nature of the alkyl group, the aryl group, and the aromatic ring isomer distribution can be adjusted to improve surfactant performance under a given set of reservoir conditions (232,233). 

Specialty sulfonic acid-based surfactants make up a rather large portion of surfactant production in the United States. Approximately 136,000 metric tons of specialty sulfonic acid-based surfactants were produced in 1992, which included alpha-olefin sulfonates, sulfobetaines, sulfosuccinates, and alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates (64). These materials found use in the areas of household cleaning products, cosmetics (qv), toiletries, emulsion polymerization, and agricultural chemical manufacture. 

Stepanflo. [Stepan] Alpha olefin sulfonates anionic surfactants for enhanced oil recovery q>erations. 

Anionic Blends onto Sand and Clay. Following a successful enhanced oil recovery demonstration using a surfactant blend in a foam flood, research was conducted to examine the fate of the blends in core studies [6J], The surfactant blend was composed of alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS s) and the DOWFAX surfactant 3B2. This surfactant is a disulfonated alkyldiphenyloxide (DPOS). This line of surfactants is discussed in more detail in the third part of this section. 

D 3049-89 Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by Cationic Titration D 3673-89 Chemical Analysis of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates D 4224-89 Anionic Detergent by p-Toluidine Hydrochloride D 4251-89 Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration... 

Infrared spectroscopy was applied to identify and determine microamounts of the anionic surfactants LAS, branched ABS, alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS), fatty alcohol sulfates (AS), and fatty alcohol ethoxy sulfates (AES) contained in sewage or river waters [112],... 

The adsorption of some complexes on some substrates have been found to correlate with the changes in adhesion energy (Wa) [33]. For this study, the cationic surfactant dihydro-genated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride (DHTDMAC) was complexed with four different anionic surfactants [i.e., sodium linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), sodium alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), sodium alkyl sulfate (AS), and sodium alkyl ethoxy sulfate (AES). The amount of cationic surfactant adsorbed on three different textiles was closely correlated to the work of adhesion (Wa). Figure 6 shows the correlation for different cationic surfactant particle sizes on polyester, nylon, and cellulose. Wa between the complexes and the surface of the textiles was calculated using Wu s equation [34] measuring the contact angle of two liquids with the complex [35]. ... 

In their study of the emulsifier effect on the lipolytic activity, Mozaffar et al. [28] foxmd that the activity of the extracellular lipase of Pythium ultimum was more affected by the surfactant structure than by the surface area of the oil droplets. Replacing linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) by alpha olefin sulfonate or alkyl ether sulfate severely impairs the activity of Lipolase [16]. Other lipases are strongly inhibited by LAS, but not by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium laurate, or by Aerosol OT and by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) but not by SDS. At low concentration, some nonionic surfactants favor and others impair the lipolytic activity [27]. Another lipase has been reported to be inhibited by anionic surfactants [29]. 

Satsuki then examined the effects of several anionic surfactants versus water hardness in phosphate-built formulations. The SME outperformed the alpha-olefin sulfonate, LAS, and SLS tested at all water hardnesses other than 0 ppm. It is believed that SME s tolerance to water hardness ions allows for higher detergency [2],... 

Uses Surfactant for mild hand soaps, incontinence washes, bath gels, bubble baths, conditioning shampoos, facial washes anti-irritant for anionics Features Mild compat. with lauryl sulfetes, lauryl ether sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates, amides, and betaines imparts a smooth feel to skin after drying provides detergency to formulations without irritation Properties Amber cl. liq. pH 5.5-7.5 (10% aq.)... 

Uses Surfactant for use in shampoos, bubble baths, liq. hand soaps, body cleansers, air entrainment, lime soap disp. foam booster and vise, builder when formulated with lauryl sulfates and alpha olefin sulfonates stable over wide pH range compat. with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants Features Stable ove a wide pH range preservative free Properties Yel. liq. bland odor pH 5-7 28% act. 

Uses Intennediate in prod, of biodeg. surfactants, 0x0 alcohols, alkylated aromatics, epoxides, tanning oils, syn. fatty acids, and alpha olefin sulfonates ManufJDistrib. Albemarle BP Chemicals Trade Names Neodene 14/16 C14-18 alpha olefin CAS 647434)2-8 (generic)... 

Uses Intennedlate for surfactants and specialty industrial chemicals (polymers, plasticizers, lubricants, gasoline additives, paper sizing, PVC lubricants) prod, of amines, amine oxides, oxo alcohols, alkylated aromatics, tanning oils, alpha olefin sulfonates, epoxides, syn. folly acids solvent in perfumes, flavors, medicines, dyes, oils, resins Regulatory Canada DSL... 

A wide range of anionic surfactants (Fig. 23) has been classified into groups, including alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS), linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS), alcohol sulfates (AS), alcohol ether sulfates (AES), alkyl phenol ether sulfates (APES), fatty acid amide ether sulfates (FAES), alpha-olefin sulfates (AOS), paraffin sulfonates, alpha sulfonated fatty acids and esters, sulfonated fatty acids and esters, mono- and di-ester sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates, petroleum sulfonates, phosphate esters, and ligno-sulfonates. Of the anionic surfactants, ABS and LAS continue to be the major products of anionic surfactants [314, 324]. Anionic surfactants have been extensively monitored and characterized in various environmental matrices [34,35,45,325-329]. 

Amnionic surfactants used in shampoos, cosmetics, toothpaste, and laundry products include linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS), alcohol sulfates (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES), alcohol glycerol ether sulfonates, and alpha-olefin sulfates. Household end use of anionic surfactants in the United States was 7.3 X 105 metric tons in 1987 LAS, AS, and AES accounted for 98% of the total (I). 

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