Olefin sulfonates, alpha

Alpha olefins Alpha-olefin sulfonates Alphaprodine [77-20-3]... 

Gravity override of low density steam leads to poor volumetric sweep efficiency and low oil recovery in steam floods. Nonchemical methods of improving steam volumetric sweep efficiency include completing the injection well so steam is only injected in the lower part of the oil-bearing zone (181), alternating the injection of water and steam (182), and horizontal steam injection wells (183,184). Surfactants frequently are used as steam mobihty control agents to reduce gravity override (185). Field-proven surfactants include alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS), alkyltoluene sulfonates, and neutralized... 

Thermal stabihty of the foaming agent in the presence of high temperature steam is essential. Alkylaromatic sulfonates possess superior chemical stabihty at elevated temperatures (205,206). However, alpha-olefin sulfonates have sufficient chemical stabihty to justify their use at steam temperatures characteristic of most U.S. steamflood operations. Decomposition is a desulfonation process which is first order in both surfactant and acid concentrations (206). Because acid is generated in the decomposition, the process is autocatalytic. However, reservoir rock has a substantial buffering effect. 

The alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) have been found to possess good salt tolerance and chemical stabiUty at elevated temperatures. AOS surfactants exhibit good oil solubilization and low iaterfacial tension over a wide range of temperatures (219,231), whereas less salt tolerant alkylaromatic sulfonates exhibit excellent chemical stabiUty. The nature of the alkyl group, the aryl group, and the aromatic ring isomer distribution can be adjusted to improve surfactant performance under a given set of reservoir conditions (232,233). 

Thermally stable foam additives, such as alkylaryl sulfonates and C -C g alpha-olefin sulfonates, are being used in EOR steam flooding for heavy od production. The foam is used to increase reservoir sweep efficiency (178,179). Foaming agents are under evaluation in chemical CO2 EOR flooding to reduce CO2 channeling and thus increase sweep efficiency (180). 

Anhydrous sulfonic acids, particularly linear alkylben2enesulfonic acids, are typically stored ia stainless steel containers, preferably type 304 or 316 stainless steel. Use of other metals, such as mild steel, contaminates the acid with iron (qv), causiag a darkening of the acid over time (27). The materials are usually viscous oils which may be stored and handled at 30—35°C for up to two months (27). AH other detergent-grade sulfonic acids, eg, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, and alpha-sulfomethyl esters, are not stored owiag to iastabiUty. These are neutrali2ed to the desired salt. 

Specialty sulfonic acid-based surfactants make up a rather large portion of surfactant production in the United States. Approximately 136,000 metric tons of specialty sulfonic acid-based surfactants were produced in 1992, which included alpha-olefin sulfonates, sulfobetaines, sulfosuccinates, and alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates (64). These materials found use in the areas of household cleaning products, cosmetics (qv), toiletries, emulsion polymerization, and agricultural chemical manufacture. 

Alpha olefins are important compounds for producing biodegradable detergents. They are sulfonated and neutralized to alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS) ... 

Abed, M.Ali., Bohidar, H.B. (2004). Gelatin-alpha olefin sulfonate interactions studied by dynamic light scattering. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 34, 49-54. 

Rhodacal A-246/L Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate Rhone... 

Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates. Sulfonation of alpha-olefins yields a mixture of alkene sulfonates, hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and some amount of various disulfonates. These detergents are excellent foamers with good deteigency properties. They are unaffected in hard water and their effects are considered superior to the alkyl ether sulfates (9). 

Alpha Olefin Sulfonates. The direct reaction of alpha-olefins with a strong sulfonating agent yields a mixture of alkane sulfonates, hydroxy-lalkane sulfonates, and disulfonated products. These are known commercially as a-olefin sulfonates (AOS). AOS manufacture is generally more complex than ABS because the initial reaction product is a mixture of sultones as shown in Fig. 36.33. 

ABS—Alkylbenzene sulfonate AE—alcohol ethoxylate AES—alkyl ether sulfonate AOS—alpha olefin sulfonate APE—alkyl phenol ethoxylate APG—alkyl polyglycoside AS—alkyl sulfate... 

Surfactant-Oil-Electrolyte Systems. In this study we used as surfactants alpha-olefin sulfonates C. , C,., and (anionic surfactants, product of Ethyl Corp.) and Enoraet AE 1215-30 (nonionic surfactant, product of Shell Development Co.). For all easurements, the surfactant concentration was chosen at 3.16 x 10 mol/1, several times above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). These particular surfactants (and concentrations) were chosen on the basis of industrial applications (6,7,15). 

POLYSTEP B (alkyl sulfates and alkylphenyl ether sulfates) POLYSTEP A (linear/branched alkyl benzene sulfonates, or alpha olefin sulfonates) ... 

Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate BIO TERGE Stepan... 

Alpha olefin sulfonates for shampoos, Gulf Oil Chemicals Dept., New York, 1968. 

Anionic Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) Ammonium laureth sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) Alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) Sodium cocoyl isethionate Sodium isethionate Sodium afkylbenzene sulfonate Sodium lauryl sacorsinate Sodium lauryl lactate Sodium lauroamphoacetate... 

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