Sodium alkyl sulfates

ROSOgH + NaOH R0S0gNa + H20 sodium alkyl sulfate... 

FIG. 9 CMC vs. the average number of carbon atoms (n) in the hydrophobic chain for mixtures of two sodium alkyl sulfates [123]. 

The CMC of commercial AOS and other surfactants at 40°C has been determined by Gafa and Lattanzi [6] who plotted the surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions against concentration. The surface tensions were determined with the ring method according to du Nouy. Table 5 gives their CMC values in mmol/L and the surface tension at the CMC in mN/m. Table 5 also contains CMC values of isomerically pure sodium alkyl sulfates, sodium alkylbenzene-sulfonates, sodium hydroxyalkanesulfonate, and sodium alkenesulfonates at 40°C, taken from the literature [39 and references cited therein]. 

Sodium a-olefinsulfonate, sodium silicate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate can be dissolved in water and cooled to give a gelled cleaning composition having high viscosity. Such mixtures are excellent cleaning compositions for ovens and other metal surfaces according to Watanabe and Schultz [95]. 

C and 200°C. Catalysts such as aluminum hydrosilicate, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, BF3, tertiary amine, or sodium alkyl sulfate are used to increase the reaction rate see Eq. (64). 

Eor univalent ionic surfactants, e.g., alkyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide and chloride, sodium alkyl sulfate, and sodium alkyl carboxylate. 

On the other hand, the slopes obtained were -0.5 for disodlum alkyl phosphate, -0.54 for alkyl trlmethyl-ammonlumchloride,-0.52 for sodium alkyl carboxylate, and -0.58for sodium alkyl sulfate. These values are close to those for nonionic and zwltterionlc surfactants, obtained from the linear relation of log cmc and n. The J4G(CH2) values calculated from Equation 21... 

FIGURE 3.7 Variation of KP with chain length of sodium alkyl sulfates. 

Table 3 Results of the regression analysis for adsorption and surface tension of sodium alkyl sulfate homologues ...

Monolayer Properties of Octadecyldimethylamine Oxide and Sodium Alkyl Sulfate... 

Monolayer properties of octadecyldimethylamine oxide alone and in combination wth sodium alkyl sulfate on aqueous substrate have been investigated. Nonionised amine oxide produces more expanded film than the ionised species minimum film expansion and highest surface potential are obtained at half ionisation. 

The composition data obtained for the series of mixed fatty acid-potassium soap systems, prepared by both the ethanol and petroleum ether routes, lend strong support to the formation of 1 to 1 acid-soap complexes. It is of interest to inquire into the phase relationships in these two-component systems. A phase diagram presented by McBain and Field (15) for the lauric acid-potassium laurate system shows that compound formation takes place between the two components at the 1 to 1 molar ratio, but the compound undergoes melting with decomposition at 91.3 °C. [A similar type of phase behavior has been reported by us for the sodium alkyl sulfate-alkyl alcohol (9) and sodium alkyl sulfonate-alkyl alcohol (12) systems, but in these cases the stoichiometry is 2 to 1]. 

Feldman, S., and M. Reinhard. 1976. Interaction of sodium alkyl sulfates with everted rat small intestinal membrane. J Pharm Sci 65 1460. 

Table 5.1. Rate constants and micelle size distribution for a series of sodium alkyl sulfates at 25 °C. (Adapted from Ref.1O4))...

The phase behavior of surfactant systems is particularly complex because of the existence of numerous lyotropic (solvent-induced) liquid crystal phases (3). These phases, like liquids and crystals, are discrete states of matter. They are fluids, but their x-ray patterns display sharp lines signifying the existence of considerable structure. They are often extremely viscous because of their high viscosities and for other reasons they are difficult to study using conventional methods. This is evident from the fact that serious errors in the presumably well-established classical aqueous phase diagrams of soaps, sodium alkyl sulfates, monoglycerides, and... 

Know the meaning of lipophilic, hydrophilic, sodium alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzenesulfonate. 

Some of the earliest synthetic detergents were the sodium alkyl sulfates, CH3(CH2) CH2—OS()3 Na+. 

Rasmussen HT, Goebel LK, McNair HM. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography employing sodium alkyl sulfates and Brij 35. J Chromatogr 1990 517 549. 

Laboratory Treatments. Colorfastness of the dyed wool samples was determined in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Colored samples were cut into 2- X 2-in. squares and sandwiched between multifiber fabrics (Test Fabrics) and undyed wool fabrics of the same dimensions. The fabrics were loosely sewn together by hand with white cotton thread. Two surfactants were chosen for the aqueous treatments Tergitol NPX, a nonionic ethoxylated nonylphenol (Union Carbide) and Orvus WA, an anionic sodium alkyl sulfate (Proctor Gamble). Solutions of 0.1% surfactant in distilled water were prepared. Tests were run in 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks at a liquor-to-cloth ratio of 50 1. The flasks were placed in an Eberbach constant-temperature shaker bath adjusted to 30 °C and an agitation of 40 cycles/min. Treatment time was 1 h, after which the samples were opened and allowed to dry on blotter paper. This same procedure was used for the nonaqueous treatments. Commercial grade tetrachloroethylene (R. R. Street Co.) with and without 1% Aerosol OT, the anionic surfactant sodium sulfosuccinate (Aldrich Chemical) was selected. The treated samples were removed from the liquids, opened, and dried on blotter paper in a ventilated hood. 

The three pure component adsorption isotherms of the homologous series of sodium alkyl sulfates (CgSO, C1QSO4, and C-2SO ) in Figure 2, were plotted at their reduced concentrations in Figure 3, to extrapolate the C8S04 data to its CAC. The adsorption data for C8S04... 

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