Surfaces Cosmetic

Metal powder can also be coated onto the workpiece. The 3M Company has developed a cold welding technique in which the workpiece, the metal powder, water, glass shot and additives are tumbled together in a barrel. Coatings are limited to ductile metals such as Cd, An, Sn, Pb, In, Ag, Cu, brass, and tin/lead solder the method is generally suitable only for small parts, and it doesn t produce a fine surfaced, cosmetic coating. Costs are comparable to those for electroplating with afterbake (Kirk-Othmer 1981). 

At one point in the meeting. Smith asked Brown to validate or endorse his structural concept, one which, to Brown, appeared workable by surface cosmetic and general conceptual standards, but did not have the underlying reinforcement fibers oriented to react to any of the critical load conditions this bicycle frame would see in use. In response. Brown stated that he apparently did not have the same insight and awareness of the problem as [Smith] and that [Smith s] understanding of the dynamics and intricacies of his concept surpassed [Brown s] own. Brown offered to refrain from commenting until he understood the process as well as its author. ... 

Double bias fabrics (X-designation) with 45° reinforcements have good conformability, torsional strength and enhanced surface cosmetics and can be used to provide off-axis strength for pultrusion products. 

Sorbitol is manufactured by the reduction of glucose in aqueous solution using hydrogen with a nickel catalyst. It is used in the manufacture of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), various surface active agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dentifrices, adhesives, polyurethane foams, etc. 

Docusate sodium is both a surface-active agent for use as a fecal softener, and a wetting agent in industrial, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food apphcations. 

Glycohc acid [79-14-1], HOOCCH2OH, mol wt 76.05, can be obtained by the electrolytic reduction of oxaUc acid or the catalytic reduction of oxaUc acid with hydrogen in the presence of a mthenium catalyst. Because of its acidity it is used as a cleaning agent for metal surface treatments and for boiler cleaning. It also serves as an ingredient in cosmetics (qv). 

Sodium fatty acid ester sulfonates are known to be highly attractive as surfactants. These have good wetting abiHty and exceUent calcium ion stabiHty as weU as high detergency without phosphates, and are used in powders or Hquids. They can also be used in the textile industry, emulsion polymerization, cosmetics, and metal surface fields. Moreover, they are attractive because they are produced from renewable natural resources and their biodegradabiHty is almost as good as alkyl sulfates (134—137). 

Most talc sold to paper, ceramics, and other industrial customers is manufactured to specifications agreed to between the producer and consumer. In paper, properties such as color, abrasion, surface area, and tint ate most important, whereas in ceramics, oxide chemistry, fired color, pressing characteristics, and alkaH metal content ate mote important. There ate some military specifications for talc used in corrosive coatings (6) and for cosmetic talc products used for cleaning of personnel in chemical warfare zones (7). 

Visibihty tints are similar to cosmetic tints except that they are significantly lighter ki kitensity. Visible light transmission losses are typically 1—2%. With these tints, the lens is visible ki the lens package and against a variety of surfaces, and the lens is easier to handle. The tint can be added as cosmetic tints, with a masking technique to produce a clear annulus, or the whole lens can be tinted. 

Hair Removers. Hair removers are designed to remove hair from the skin surface without cutting ia order to avoid uadesirable stubble. Cosmetic products have beea developed for chemical destmctioa of hair, that is, depilatioa, and for facilitating mechanical hair removal, that is, epilation. 

Surface-Active Agents. Polyol (eg, glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, and propylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) esters of long-chain fatty acids are nonionic surfactants (qv) used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, cleaning compounds, and many other appHcations (103,104). Those that are most widely used are included in Table 3. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) will function as a non-ionic surface active agent and is used in suspension polymerisation as a protective colloid. In many applications it serves as a binder and thickener is addition to an emulsifying agent. The polymer is also employed in adhesives, binders, paper sizing, paper coatings, textile sizing, ceramics, cosmetics and as a steel quenchant. 

The following substances chloroform, carbon tetrachloride 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetratchloroethane 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane pentachloroethane, vinylidene chloride 1,1,1 -trichloroethane and any substance containing one or more of those substances in a concentration equal to or greater than 0.1% by mass, other than (a) medical products (b) cosmetic products Supply for use at work in diffusive applications such as in surface cleaning and the cleaning of fabrics except for the purposes of research and development or for the purpose of analysis... 

Toxic Reactions of the Skin Irritation is the most common reaction of the skin. Skin irritation is usually a local inflammatory reaction. The most common skin irritants are solvents dehydrating, oxidizing, or reducing compounds and cosmetic compounds. Acids and alkalies are common irritants. Irritation reactions can be divided into acute irritation and corrosion. Necrosis of the surface of the skin is typical for corrosion. Acids and alkalies also cause chemical burns. Phenols, organotin compounds, hydrogen fluoride, and yellow phosphorus may cause serious burns. Phenol also causes local anesthesia, in fact it has been used as a local anesthetic in minor ear operations such as puncture of the tympanous membrane in cases of otitis. ... 

It should be recognized that surface finish can be more than just a cosmetic standard. It also affects product quality, mold or die cost, and delivery time of tools and/or products. The surface can be used not only to enhance clarity for the sake of appearance but to hide surface defects such as sink and parting marks. The Society of Plastics Engi-neers/Society of Plastics Industries standards range from a No. 1 mirror finish to a No. 6 grit blast finish. A mold finish comparison kit consisting of six hardened tool steel pieces and... 

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