Fabric bias

The carcass ply/pHes coat compouad fuactioas are basically the same as the steel breaker compouad. Normally ia the steel belted PCT the ply is textile cord of polyester or rayoa fabrics which are soft and flexible. The tmck radial steel tire normally uses a steel cord ply. Earthmover tires are of two basic constmctions, ie, radial usiag steel and bias usiag textiles (see Tire cords). 

Introduced successfully for tires in 1967, glass fibers had properties that made them very attractive for use in tires (5,8). The britdeness of glass fibers, however, imposed some limitations on the final tine cord properties because of the requirement that each fiber be individually coated with a mbbery adhesive to avoid interfilament damage during fabrication and use. This additional treatment step is introduced at the fiber manufacturing stage. For several years fiber glass was used extensively in bias-belted and radial tires, but was ultimately replaced by steel belts in radial tires. 

Recent work with multi-layer polymer LEDs has achieved impressive results and highlights the importance of multi-layer structures [46]. Single-layer, two-layer and three-layer devices were fabricated using a soluble PPV-based polymer as the luminescent layer. The external quantum efficiencies of the single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer devices were 0.08%, 0.55%, and 1%, respectively, with luminous efficiencies of about 0.5 hn/W, 3 lm/W, and 6 lm/W. These results clearly demonstrate improvement in the recombination current because of the increase in quantum efficiency. The corresponding increase in luminous efficiency demonstrates that the improvement in recombination efficiency was achieved without a significant increase in the operating bias. 

Formerly termed braced tread, rigid breaker or belted tyre. A pneumatic tyre in which the cords of the casing plies run directly across the tyre section from bead to bead, and not at an angle as in a cross-ply tyre the breaker in a radial-ply tyre is an inextensible band which runs circumferentially round the tyre between tread and casing. It is made up of layers of bias cut fabric set at discrete angles to confer the required stability in the tread but maintain the flexibility in the sidewall. 

Rubber coated fabric is cut to give a bias to the fabric on its application to the tyre carcass. The knife angle can be adjusted in the cutting machine. 

The dual-function utility (photon emission in forward bias and photon detection in reverse bias) can be employed to fabricate smart display matrices [148]. By presetting the device in the photodetecting mode (zero or reverse bias), each pixel can sense an optical signal and transfer that signal to the memory in the driving circuit, similar to the process in a photodiode... 

In one of the most common types of photodiodes used for time-resolved work, the p-i-n photodiode (see Figure 12.24), the depletion layer thickness (i for intrinsic) is fabricated to obtain this optimum performance. Manufacturers usually give full specification sheets detailing, active area, time/frequency response, responsivity amps/watt (AAV) at a given wavelength, dark current, depletion layer capacitance, and bias volts such that with minimal external electronics devices can be made operative. 

Kim et al. have compared the hydrogen and methane sensitivity at 400-600°C of Pt and Pd-SiC Schottky diodes fabricated on n-type 6H-SiC. The Pd or Pt (<80 nm) was sputter deposited in 1-mm dots [8]. The sensitivity was measured as the change in current at a constant forward bias of 3V. The Pd-SiC Schottky diodes showed a higher sensitivity, as well as faster speed of response to both hydrogen and methane. The stability of the hydrogen response was tested for 30 days at 500°C and showed excellent results for both types of sensors. 

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