Supports, inspection

Figures 3.5 and 3.6 show typical EDX spectra obtained from a sample of catalyst B after 1000 hours of use in a molten carbonate environment. Figure 3.5. shows the spectrum recorded from the nickel aggregate Figure 3.6. shows that recorded from the alumina support. Inspection of all the data reveals that up to and including 50 hours of operation, potassium covered both the support and the nickel areas of the catalyst. However, for catalysts discharged after 100 hours, potassium is associated primarily with the alumina support.

Supportive inspections in the factory, particularly where prescription medications are produced. 

The use of RTMs is not limited to the lifetime of a project. They are equally useful for change management, determining the scope of testing to address design revisions. RTMs can also be used to support inspections later by quickly identifying where certain aspects of the system are tested. Traceability is one of the most important ways in which quahty can be built into software, and should always be checked by the auditor during Suppher Audits. 

Provide knowledge of how computer systems are used Support inspection of validation documentation from retrieval of appropriate documents to walking through validation conducted Keeps minutes of inspector s comments and observations Keeps a record of documents requested and provides to inspector Accompanies the inspector during the inspection at all times Brings and removes documents requested by the inspector... 

The release of permanent staff from projects back into the business and their subsequent interdepartmental movements make their return to support inspections difficult and umeliable. Inspection readiness can be further frustrated by key staff taking on external positions or leaving the business for other reasons, e.g., voluntary redundancy. Many projects depend greatly on contracted resources, and turnover of such staff can be high. Once staff are dispersed, there may be an irretrievable loss of knowledge. 

In Figure 4 1s shown a periodic table listing the catalysts Investigated and an Indication as to whether or not they produced greater or lesser amounts of C2s than the bare supports. Inspection of this figure shows... 

BWR Vessel and Internals Project, BWR Shroud Support Inspection and Flaw Evaluation Guidelines (BWRVIP-38), EPRI Report TR-108823, September 1997. 

The goal of the study presented in this paper was to improve the quality and efficiency of the periodic inspections of the road network by using low cost equipment and specific software tools developed to support inspection tasks, computation of RI and prioritization of intervention alternatives. 

For the repetitive inspections the required hydrotest can only be performed for a limited number of the small cylinders, and even then the drums have to be removed from the line and the cylinders will be supported in defined distances for the weight of the water and the pressurisation. For the new and long cylinders even this is impossible, because they loose due to the additional weight of the water and the over-pressurisation their roundness and balances. Therefore the law in the most countries within and outside of the EU accept as a replacement of the hydrotest an additional application of different NDT methods, which were often done by an ultrasonic measurement of the wall thickness of the cylindrical part and a MT of the flat covers. 

Main steamline section and weld of the same Unit 4 f600 MW3 as above the weld connects 2 steamline sections of different materials (stainless steel and low-alloy steel) through a transition material section, ahead of the Y-piece where branching of the turbine inlet lines takes place (255 mm internal diameter, 44.5 mm thickness). Ultrasonic inspection pointed out potential integrity problems in the weld. The requirement was again that AE could support safe operation of the weld until the next incoming planned maintenance shutdown. 

This header has undergone repair after through-thickness cracking of an assembly weld after 108.000 hours of service, it is presently in operation and periodically submitted to ultrasonic inspection during planned maintenance shutdown. Continuous on-line AE monitoring of the integrity of critical welds is expected to contribute supporting continued and safe operation of the header until its replacement, platmed to take place in 1999. 

The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on two rqjresentative NDT techniques intapretation of data acquired with an ultrasonic rail inspection system and interpretation of eddy-current data from heat exchangers in (petro-)chemical industry. The results show that it is possible to provide a high level of automation in combination with efficient operator support for highly variable NDT measurements where up to now use of automated interpretation was only limited. 

Special configurations to reduce probe wobble and sensitivity to geometry changes and to allow inspection nearby both sides of a support plate in one pass... 

Coil system to inspect both sides of support plates in one pass... 

The corrosion inspection and wall thickness measurement of pipes was performed in the classical way both on film and on the monitor using simple software measuring tools. Additionally algorithms were developed for an interactive, computer supported evaluation. 

As the safety and quality of industrial components, equipments and constructions is correlated with the inspection sensitivity and this is influenced in radiography by the film system class, a continuous supervision of the film systems on the market seems to be urgently necessary. To support the confidence of the film users in the film properties specified by the film manufacturers such a system for quality assurance for industrial x-ray films is proposed by some manufacturers and BAM. This system will be open to all manufacturers, distributers and users of x-ray films. It will deal with all film systems inclusive those which are not specified by a manufacturer as for instance mixed systems. The system for quality assurance will be based... 

The system should support all the inspection types available in the PSP-3 P-scan, T-scan and Through Transmission, TOFD and A-scan. It should be possible to record data for all the inspection types simultaneously. The developments in computer hardware, in particular disk storage, during the last years have made it feasable to increase the emphasis on the A-scan recording modes. It has also been feasible to extend the P-scan format to include P-scan image storage in a full 3D format, that allows cross-section views to be generated off-line. 

However, it is expected that this situation will change, since a number of novel "non-invasive NDT techniques are now becoming available. With some of these techniques, the time required for a shutdown can be reduced. Other techniques make it possible to perform inspections whilst the installation is in full service. It is obvious that the availability of such techniques could support the knowledge already available on operational parameters and degradation mechanisms, in order to base shutdown intervals on actual plant condition. 

LORUS is also used for inspection of piping that has been on supports or sleepers for some time, to see whether corrosion has developed at the contact points. But the technique can also be used for corrosion detection under insulation, inspection of pipelines at dike and road crossings, nozzle reinforcement pads or craek detection in suspension systems for railway cars. 

OPTIMISE, a joint industry project, supported by EC-ESPRIT funding is such a project, where techniques are identified, optimised and validated for the inspection of bulk carriers, with the aim to increase the inspection scope and thus the safety level, at the same time reducing the time needed for the inspections. 

Inspection data can be quickly communicated back to the office for further analysis, which helps to support inspectors in the field... 

A close inspection under normal illumination reveals many indications of the condition of the painting and previous repairs. Also, because oil paints become more transparent with age, pentimenti, which originally would have been invisible after the overpainting, can be observed. Raking light illumination is very useful to determine the extent of cracking, distortions of the support, delaminations of the paint layers, etc. This stage of the examination is often done in close cooperation with styHstic experts. Thus, obvious problematic areas can be identified before the other tests are started. 

ISO 9000. The ISO 9000 series of standards was first issued in 1987 and then updated in 1994. The ISO 9000 standard describes the selection criteria for the four standards, ISO 9001—9004. ISO 9001 is composed of 20 items covering manufactured products from design and development in R D to commercial production and after-sale service or technical support. ISO 9002 has 19 of the items in 9001 describing the requirements of a quahty system for the manufacture of an item, such as chemicals, to a specification only the requirement relating to product development is omitted. Chemical companies seldom certify to ISO 9003, which describes the quahty system for a laboratory involved in final inspection and test. Finally, ISO 9004 presents guidelines for total quahty management. 

To add surface area, the supports are uniformly coated with a slurry of gamma-alumina and recalcined under moderate conditions. The wash coat acts to accept the active metals, typically low levels of platinum and palladium, in a conventional impregnation process. In the United States in passenger car apphcations the spherical catalyst is used almost exclusively, and methods have been developed to replace the catalyst without removing the converter shell when vehicle inspection reveals that emission standards are not met. 

The Eederal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act set standards for mine ventilation, roof support, coal dust concentrations levels, mine inspections, and equipment. As a part of this comprehensive act, miners must receive medical examinations at employer expense, and payments are made from the U.S. government to miners who caimot work because of black lung disease. 

The code prescribes minimum requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, support, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping systems subject to pressure or vacuum. The scope of the piping covered by B31.3 is illustrated in Fig. 10-124. It applies to all fluids including fluidized sohds and to all seivdces except as noted in the figure. 

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