Steel chrome-plated

A hard, mst-resistant shaft of at least 0.25 micrometer finish is usually required. Common shaft surfaces are hardened tool steel, chrome plate, high strength bronze, and carbide and ceramic overlays. Test results over a broad speed range from 0.05 to 47 m/s (10 to 9200 fpm) iadicate that a coefficient of friction of 0.16—0.20 and a wear factor of 14 X 10 m /N(70x 10 ° in. min/ft-lb-h) are typical for dry operation of weU appHed grades of carbon—graphite (29). 

Profile, pipe, blown-film, and wire-coating dies are examples of dies generally constructed of hot-rolled steel for low-pressure melt applications. The high-pressure dies can be made of certain steels such as 4140 steel. Chrome plating is generally apphed to the flow surfaces, particularly when processing certain plastics such as EVA. Stainless steel is used for any die subject to corrosion. The steel... 

Media Small pieces of material used inside a mill jar to increase mixing energy and efficiency. Commonly used materials include alumina, stabilized zirconia, flint pebbles, steel, chrome-plated steel, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and plastic-coated versions of these. Common shapes include spherical, cylindrical, radius-end cylinders, and long rods. Sizes range from 1 mm or less to over 5 cm. 

After all of these design and molding considerations were achieved, the end result was a mold that weighed 29,510 kg (65,000 lb). It was cut from P20 Tool Steel, chrome plated, and textured according to customer specifications. A CAD rendering of the bottom half of the mold is shown in Figure 6. 

Chromenes Chrome-nickel alloys Chrome-nickel steels Chrome nitrate Chrome ore Chrome oxide greens Chrome plating Chrome tanning Chrome-tin... 

Noncorrodible shaft surfaces or shaft sleeves of bronze, stainless steel. Monel, or chrome plate are commonly employed with a mbber beating. 

Drum Dyers. Indirect-heat dmm dryers, like spray dryers, are usable only for materials that are fluid initially and pumpable. Drying is effected by applying a thin film of material onto the outer surface of a rotating heated dmm using appHcator roUs, spray nozzles, or by dipping the dmm into a reservoir. Usually the dmm is cast iron or steel and chrome-plated to provide a smooth surface for ease of product release by doctoring. Dmm rotational speed is such that... 

Another version of the dewatering screw that has been used successfully in a number of installations (Figure 40) consists of an inclined screw with a box-like back end and an internal overflow weir. The drive is usually a variable-speed motor reducer. Rotary air lock fitted with a variable-speed drive is typically used as shown in Figure 37 in connection with the plain receiving tank and an inclined screw conveyor. Materials of construction can be chrome-plated cast iron or nickel-hard casing. The rotary valve is made of hard faced tips or stainless steel replaceable blades. 

In industry, it is used in rubber and plastic materials and in paints and sprays to neutralize unpleasant odours (Lake, 1999). In other fields, coumarin has a significant use in the electroplating industry, mostly in the automotive area, to provide high polished quality to chrome-plated steel, but this use is declining (Egan et al., 1990 Boisde Meuly, 1993). 

A pultrusion die is usually machined from tool steel and typically has a length of 600-1,500 mm. With the exception of the tapered entrance, the die normally has a constant-crosssection cavity with extremely smooth surfaces that are chrome-plated to lower friction and decrease wear. The die usually is sectioned to facilitate machining, inspection, cleaning, and so on. Most of the die is heated, and typically employs two or more independently controlled temperature zones, whereas the final section of the die may need active cooling. Because excess resin is squeezed out of the reinforcement at the tapered entrance to the die, also this section may require active cooling to prevent premature gelation of the resin (i.e., before it reaches the constant-cross-section cavity). 

Dissimilar-metal corrosion can occur even if the two metals are not initially in direct contact. For example, in homes where copper tubing is used for plumbing, there is always a small amount of dissolved Cu2+ in the water. When this water encounters steel piping or a chrome-plated bathroom sink drain, the more-noble copper will plate out on the other metal, producing a new metals-in-contact corrosion cell. In the case of chrome bathroom sink fittings, this leads to the formation of Cr3+ salts which precipitate as greenish stains. 

Hepatic Effects. Chromium(VI) has been reported to cause severe liver effects in four of five workers exposed to chromium trioxide in the chrome plating industry. Derangement of the cells in the liver, necrosis, lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration, and increases in Kupffer cells were reported. Abnormalities in tests for hepatic dysfunction included increases in sulfobromophthalein retention, gamma globulin, icterus, cephalin cholesterol flocculation, and thymol turbidity (Pascale et al. 1952). In a cohort of 4,227 workers involved in production of stainless steel from 1968 to 1984, excess deaths were observed from cirrhosis of the liver compared to expected deaths (0/E=55/31.6) based on national rates and matched for age, sex, and calender time having an SMR of 174 with confidence limits of 131-226 (Moulin et al. 1993). No measurements of exposure were provided. Based on limited information, however, the production of chromium compounds does not appear to be associated with liver effects. As part of a mortality and morbidity study of workers engaged in the manufacture of chromium(VI) compounds (84%) and chromium(III) compounds (16%) derived from chromium(VI) in Japan, 94 workers who had been exposed for 1-28 years were given a complete series of liver function... 

Occupational exposure to chromium(VI) compounds in a number of industries has been associated with increased risk of respiratory system cancers, primarily bronchogenic and nasal. Among the industries investigated in retrospective mortality studies are chromate production, chromate pigment production and use, chrome plating, stainless steel welding, ferrochromium alloy production, and leather tanning. 

Three materials are used for the surfaces of rolls—chilled cast iron, cast steel, and chrome plating. For the manufacture of rigid PVC and for polished unplasticized films (particularly transparent or translucent), chromium-plated rolls are standard. Cast steel has some advantages in terms of strength but, probably because of the difficulties of modifying surface profiles, has fallen from favour by far the most popular roll surface for producing plasticized PVC with a matt finish is chilled cast iron. 

Abrasion Cutting, small groves (cutting tools, plows, cultivators) Change material to high-carbon steel or 20-30% Cr white cast iron or WC or TiC composites and by increasing surface hardness using hard-chrome plate... 

---