Steels, Chrome Nickel

CO2 corrosion often occurs at points where there is turbulent flow, such as In production tubing, piping and separators. The problem can be reduced it there is little or no water present. The initial rates of corrosion are generally independent of the type of carbon steel, and chrome alloy steels or duplex stainless steels (chrome and nickel alloy) are required to reduce the rate of corrosion. 

Chromenes Chrome-nickel alloys Chrome-nickel steels Chrome nitrate Chrome ore Chrome oxide greens Chrome plating Chrome tanning Chrome-tin... 

Induction Furnace. The high frequency coreless induction furnace is used in the production of complex, high quaUty alloys such as tool steels. It is used also for remelting scrap from fine steels produced in arc furnaces, for melting chrome—nickel alloys and high manganese scrap, and more recentiy for vacuum steelmaking processes. 

The stainless steels contain appreciable amounts of Cr, Ni, or both. The straight chrome steels, types 410, 416, and 430, contain about 12, 13, and 16 wt % Cr respectively. The chrome—nickel steels include type 301 (18 wt % Cr and 9 wt % Ni), type 304 (19 wt % Cr and 10 wt % Ni), and type 316 (19 wt % Cr and 12 wt % Ni). Additionally, type 316 contains 2—3 wt % Mo which gready improves resistance to crevice corrosion in seawater as well as general corrosion resistance. AH of the stainless steels offer exceptional improvement in atmospheric conditions. The corrosion resistance results from the formation of a passive film and, for this reason, these materials are susceptible to pitting corrosion and to crevice corrosion. For example, type 304 stainless has very good resistance to moving seawater but does pit in stagnant seawater. 

Chrom-kali, n. (rotes) potassium dichromate (gelbes) potassium chromate, -karbid, n. chromium carbide, -lack, m. chrome lake, -leder, n. chrome leather, -leim, m. chrome gelatin chrome glue, -metall, n. chromium metal, -natron, n. (rotss) sodium dichromate (gelbes) sodium chromate, -nickel-stahl, m. chrome-nickel steel. 

The behavior of materials, particularly steel, in cavitating fluids results in an erosion mechanism, including mechanical erosion and electrochemical corrosion. The straightforward way to fight cavitation is to use hardened materials, chromium, chrome-nickel compounds, or elastomeric plastics. Other cures are to reduce the vapor pressure with additives, reduce the turbulence, change the liquid s temperature, or add air to act as a cushion for the collapsing bubbles. 

Steel basis material means cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and chrome, nickel and tin coated steels that are processed in coil coating. 

High ceiling diuretics, 5 169 High chrome-nickel stainless steels, pickling, 16 223... 

Nickel (Ni), 17 88-105. See also Chrome-nickel stainless steels Fe-Ni-Co alloys Ni entries Nickel alloys Nickel compounds Nickel metal chemical vapor deposition precursor, 5 805t... 

Nuclear stations tend to employ ferritic chrome steels, stainless steels and nickel based alloys in their boilers. Turbines contain a variety of steels while condensers are usually of brass or, increasingly, of titanium. Low pressure feed heaters have traditionally been made of brass also, but increasingly steels are used. 

Nitration reactions are carried out in closed vessels that are provided with an agitating mechanism and means for controlling the reaction temperature. The nitration vessels are usually constructed of cast iron and steel, but often acid-resistant alloys, particularly chrome-nickel steel alloys, are used. 

Duplex stainless steels (4% nickel, 23% chrome) may offer cost advantages in absorption columns. These materials provide the ductability of austenitic stainless and the stress-corrosion cracking resistance of ferritic stainless steel104. 

The discovery of Cr began with a curious red lead found in Siberia. In 1797 itwas shown that the mineral contained not only lead but also another unknown element, which was isolated a year later. Today chromium is used in various steels - spring, nickel-chromium, and stainless, and in heat-resistant nickel-based alloys. My own generation of automobiles was adorned with chrome (chromium-plated) bumpers and fender and window trims - an excess that staggers the mind attuned to today s automobile manufacturing. 

A trace of yellow phosphorus tends to become phosphoric acid in the air absorbing moisture during storage. This acid corrodes many kinds of metals, cotton and other materials. Stainless steel(l8-8 chrome-nickel) can be effectively used without corrosion for red phosphorus. 

USE In man Ilf of chrome-steel or chrome-nickel-steel alloys (stainless steel) for greatly increasing resistance and durability Of metals for chromeplating of other metals. The man-made slCr isotopa as tracer in various blood diseases and in the determination of blood volume (as the chloride or is Na chromate). 

The autoclave must be made of an indifferent material and must not influence the reaction unfavorably. This is achieved by coating the inside with copper, silver, or other suitable material but autoclaves are also available in chrome-nickel steel. 

Samplers are instruments and devices enabling single or repeated samples to be taken either from a position which is not readily accessible (deep samplers) or without the attending personnel (automated samplers). Samplers and their components are made from corrosion-proof steels, usually chrome-nickel with addition of non-magnetic tungsten and molybdenum. 

Alloy steels are more resistive than carbon steels. Chrome-vanadium, chrome-vanadium-aluminum, chrome-nickel-vanadium-aluminum steels stainless steels (18 per cent chromium and 8 per cent nickel, 0 24 per cent chromium and 20 per cent nickel) and BTG metal (12 per cent chromium, 60 per cent nickel, 2.5 per cent tungsten) have been fovmd to be completely resistant. BTG metal is the special alloy developed for the Claude ammonia synthesis, where operating pressures extend to 15,000 psig and temperatures to 560°C. 

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