Chrome-steel plate

The descent of the cylinder was centred by the steel collar, and hard chrome steel plates, cut with a slot, could be placed on this collar to stop the piston-head at any point m its descent. The cylinder was held by an iron frame, which rested upon a large concrete bed. It was surrounded by a brass water-jacket, not shown in the figure, for regulating the temperature. 

Valves must be made of fatigue-resistant carbon or alloy steel or 18-8 stainless steel, depending upon the service. The 18-8 stainless and 12-14 chrome steel is often used for corrosive and/or high temperature service. Any springs, as in the plate-type valves, are either carbon or nickel steel. Valve passages must be smooth, streamlined, and as large as possi-... 

Another example of where ultrasound influences the discharge rate of chromium is in the chromium electroplating of steel plates. When cold-rolled steel plate is elecUo-lytically chromated from a silent aqueous solution containing chromates and dichromates, a chrome coating of 13 mg m is obtained after 1 s, whilst in the presence of ultrasound a coating of 45 mg m is obtained [25] in the same time. The product is also accompanied with an increase in the brightness of the metal. Similar results have been found by other workers [26]. 

The discovery of Cr began with a curious red lead found in Siberia. In 1797 itwas shown that the mineral contained not only lead but also another unknown element, which was isolated a year later. Today chromium is used in various steels - spring, nickel-chromium, and stainless, and in heat-resistant nickel-based alloys. My own generation of automobiles was adorned with chrome (chromium-plated) bumpers and fender and window trims - an excess that staggers the mind attuned to today s automobile manufacturing. 

Towards the close of the 8o s of last century, Samuel J. Ritchie, who was interested in the Sudbury nickel ores, wrote to Krupps suggesting the use of an alloy of nickel and iron for ordnance. Krupps without hesitation rejected the idea as absurd. Meanwhile, however, the French had developed chrome steel projectiles that Were making havoc with the naval armour plate, and the problem arose as to how this was to be countered. 

Hardening is not necessary, and chrome plating is not customary. For large-volume parts with a content of 4 cu yd (3 cu m) and up, welded machined steel plate construction can be considered. Cast metal is of no value for the mold bases. Given the right care, the life of steel molds is the longest, at over 10 parts per mold. Inserts subject to wear and tear have to be either refurbished or exchanged at intervals of 10 or 10 cycles (Table 4-10). 

Chromium is a white-grey, lustrous, hard metal, not tarnished when exposed to air. It is attacked by dilute sulphuric and hydrochloric acid and alkalis, but is resistant to nitric acid. Rarely used by itself, it is used as constituent of stainless steels and chrome-steel or for chromium plating to give a decorative finish. 

The fibre reinforcement architecture (position and alignment) of apultmded part is defined by a guiding system that consists of contact points (ceramic guidance eyes ) and orifice plates that are usually made of polished or chromed steel or high-quality polyethylene in order not to damage the fibre reinforcement. 

The hearth is an inverted arch constructed on a steel plate base and composed of a lower graphite brick layer and an upper chrome magnesite brick layer, separated by a stainless steel sheet. The lower support plate is cooled by a series of channels supplied with air from variable speed fans. Air cooling is used rather than water which would present a significant danger. The lower refractories are cooled to below the melting point of lead so that leakage cannot occur. 

Samples of each polyacetal resin as received were pressed into films between heated chrome-plated steel plates at 190°C. The approximately 0.25-mm-thick films were analyzed by transmission-mode FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the two resin films are shown in Figure 15-1-6. 

Injection Mold Steels Injection mold steels for SPS can be produced with common mold steels used in the mold-building industry. P20 steel can be used, and tool life can be extended by applying hard chrome flash plating. For tooling that creates very thin wall plastic applications, such as electronics and electrical connections, the use of H-13 and/or S-7 tool steels for improved strength and wear capabilities is recommended [7],... 

Chromenes Chrome-nickel alloys Chrome-nickel steels Chrome nitrate Chrome ore Chrome oxide greens Chrome plating Chrome tanning Chrome-tin... 

A hard, mst-resistant shaft of at least 0.25 micrometer finish is usually required. Common shaft surfaces are hardened tool steel, chrome plate, high strength bronze, and carbide and ceramic overlays. Test results over a broad speed range from 0.05 to 47 m/s (10 to 9200 fpm) iadicate that a coefficient of friction of 0.16—0.20 and a wear factor of 14 X 10 m /N(70x 10 ° in. min/ft-lb-h) are typical for dry operation of weU appHed grades of carbon—graphite (29). 

Noncorrodible shaft surfaces or shaft sleeves of bronze, stainless steel. Monel, or chrome plate are commonly employed with a mbber beating. 

Treatment of Industrial Wastes. The alkaline nature and inexpensive price of lime make it ideal for treatment of acid waste Hquors (6), including waste pickle Hquids from steel plants, wastes from metal plating operations, eg, chrome and copper plating, acid wastes from chemical and explosives plants, and acid mine wastewaters. 

Drum Dyers. Indirect-heat dmm dryers, like spray dryers, are usable only for materials that are fluid initially and pumpable. Drying is effected by applying a thin film of material onto the outer surface of a rotating heated dmm using appHcator roUs, spray nozzles, or by dipping the dmm into a reservoir. Usually the dmm is cast iron or steel and chrome-plated to provide a smooth surface for ease of product release by doctoring. Dmm rotational speed is such that... 

Another version of the dewatering screw that has been used successfully in a number of installations (Figure 40) consists of an inclined screw with a box-like back end and an internal overflow weir. The drive is usually a variable-speed motor reducer. Rotary air lock fitted with a variable-speed drive is typically used as shown in Figure 37 in connection with the plain receiving tank and an inclined screw conveyor. Materials of construction can be chrome-plated cast iron or nickel-hard casing. The rotary valve is made of hard faced tips or stainless steel replaceable blades. 

Chromium metal is important in metallurgy, because it is used to make stainless steel and for chromium plating (Section 12.13). Chromium(IV) oxide, Cr02, is a ferromagnetic material that is used for coating chrome" recording tapes. 

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