State of Research

Lotze et al. (2001) and Gross et al. (2001) present results of a research program that was conducted to study the dynamic behavior of anchors in concrete under tension 

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This book gives the most up-to-date account of the state of research and deveiopment regarding zeoiite synthesis, modification, characterization and appiications with a comprehensive iist of cross references. 

The state of research on the two classes of acetylenic compounds described in this article, the cyclo[ ]carbons and tetraethynylethene derivatives, differs drastically. The synthesis of bulk quantities of a cyclocarbon remains a fascinating challenge in view of the expected instability of these compounds. These compounds would represent a fourth allotropic form of carbon, in addition to diamond, graphite, and the fullerenes. The full spectral characterization of macroscopic quantities of cyclo-C should provide a unique experimental calibration for the power of theoretical predictions dealing with the electronic and structural properties of conjugated n-chromophores of substantial size and number of heavy atoms. We believe that access to bulk cyclocarbon quantities will eventually be accomplished by controlled thermal or photochemical cycloreversion reactions of structurally defined, stable precursor molecules similar to those described in this review. 

This review has been restricted mainly to clarification ofthe fundamentals and to presenting a coherent view ofthe actual state of research on voltaic cells, as well as their applications. Voltaic cells are, or may be, used in various branches of electrochemistry and surface chemistry, both in basic and applied research. They particularly enable interpretations of the potentials of various interphase and electrode boundaries, including those that are employed in galvanic and electroanalytical cells. 

Johnson, D. C., Dobberpuhl, D., Roberts, R., and Vandeberg, P, Pulsed am-perometric detection of carbohydrates, amines and sulfur species in ion chromatography — the current state of research, /. Chromatogr., 640, 79,1993. 

We now present some reports on the state of research at present, and some forecasts of the way in which biological H2 production might develop in the future. 

Kremer (2000) argues that government-directed research programs may be well suited for basic research, but for the later, more applied states of research, committing to compensate successful private vaccine developers has important advantages. 

This book reports the state of research in Femtochemistry and Femtobiology presented at Paris, at the Maison de la Chimie, in July 2003, representing the tenth anniversary of the... 

The aim of this paper is to provide a general outlook on current state of research related to hydrogenation of fullerenes by reaction with molecular hydrogen and to review recent studies conducted with participation of author in this field during past few years. 

Oxidation of organic compounds by ruthenium tetraoxide has been reviewed. The oxidation of various types of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, allenes, aromatic rings, alcohols, amines, and sulfides has been discussed The cyclic oxoruthe-nium(VI) diesters that are formed in the initial step of the oxidation of alkenes are considered to be intermediates in the formation of 1,2-diols.70 The development of new and selective oxidative transformations under ruthenium tetroxide catalysis during the past 10 years has been reviewed. The state of research in this field is summarized and a systematic overview of the reactivity and the reaction mode of ruthenium tetroxide is given.71... 

The aim of the paper was to demonstrate the current state of research and development in the field of nanocelluloses on the basis of selected examples. The extraordinary supramolecular nanofiber network structure and the resulting valuable properties have led to a real challenge and extensive global activity. It is the intention of this work to broaden knowledge in this subject area... 

Integrated optical devices combine microelectronic production technology with the inherent advantages of optical sensing. Many of these developments are in an early state of research but a variety of optical biosensors can be realized in principle. Integrated optical device manufacturing is nowadays commercially available (IOT) and nearly all optical elements can be integrated and miniaturized on chip [24]. 

To assess the state of research on global warming, the United Nations established in 1988 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipcc), which consists of hundreds of the world s top scientists serving as lead authors, review editors, and peer reviewers. The ipcc s third assessment concluded in 2001, Emissions of... 

This paper deals with the present state of research on the chemical com-... 

The current state of research on the conversion of vegetable oil, especially waste edible oil, into BDF has been introduced. In Japan, about 46 million kL of diesel fuel is consumed in a year. The waste edible oil can support only about 1% of that total consumption, even if all the waste edible oil in Japan is utilized as materials for BDF. However, the technologies introduced in this paper can be applied for wide range of botanical resources such as waste effluent, or by-products from oil refining factories in the Southeast Asia which do not compete with resources for edible use. 

What can we expect from hydrogen-bonded inorganic materials in the future Predictions are treacherous territory, but examining the current state of research in this area and developments in closely related areas can serve as a guide if... 

Today the history of the Holocaust is considered to be by far one of the best-researched chapters of recent history. A closer look at this subject, however, usually reveals very quickly that our understanding is still based on a very unstable foundation. Often the congruity of the various research can only be explained by the historians practice of uncritically copying each other s work [sic ] - while at the same time court files, which to this day are not generally accessible, continue to harbor undiscovered documents which even the prosecutors who dealt with the case at the time may not remember today. Demands requiring historical expert witnesses to keep silent also at times cause the state of research to lag behind the state of knowledge and awareness held by some few individuals."... 

A unified approach to the treatment of the whole material in question is made somewhat difficult by the variability, and, therefore, individual aspects of the various strata. As mentioned above. Pleistocene sedimentary rocks are extensive in Hungary and the state of research on these sediments is uniquely advanced in international terms. The basis for the stratigraphy was provided by the mass of small-mammal remains accumulated in statistically significant amounts in karstic hollows. We may extrapolate from these findings and date regional sediments which also contain microfauna, which are unfortunately only individual finds. 

Schleyer looks to the future of computational chemistry residing in the breadth of the periodic table. Computational work has concentrated on one element, namely carbon, Schleyer says. The rest of the periodic table is waiting to be explored. On the other hand, he is dismayed by the state of research at universities. In his opinion, the function of universities is to do pure research, not to do applied research. Pure research will not be carried out at any other location. Schleyer sums up his position this way— Pure research is like putting money in the bank. Applied research is taking the money out. According to this motto, Schleyer s account is very much in the black. 

In addition this is, I believe, a suitable time for publishing a book on molybdenum disulphide in general. In most respects the state of knowledge of the subject is on a stable plateau, in which radical changes in the short term are unlikely. In the special case of sputtering, and other physical deposition techniques, the highly active state of research may lead to radical developments at any time. Hopefully, this may be a topic which a greater specialist could effectively describe in some future book. 

Cassano, A., Jiao, B., and Drioli, E. Integrated membrane process for production of concentrated kiwifruit juice. Proceedings of the 1st workshop Italy-China on state of research and applications of membrane operations for a sustainable growth, Cetraro, Italy, 2002. 

The interest in the oxidative coupling reaction was initiated 10 years ago by the pioneering work conducted by Keller and Bhasin. Since then hundreds of papers have been published including review papers (references 2-4 to cite a few), proceedings from several synqx>sia on the subject, and a recent book which summarizes the state of research in several leading laboratories around the world. The objective of this survey is not to review the literature of methane coupling but rather to appraise certain aspects of methane dimerization that in the opinion of the authors are critical for the better understanding of the methane dimerization reacticm. As a result, the review is focused on selected topics and does not include many aspects which otherwise would have been included in broader literature review. The topics selected are as follows ... 

Ososki A and Kennelly E (2003) Phytoestrogens A review of the present state of research. Phytotherapy Research 17 845-869. 

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