Systematic overviews

Despite this much-discussed theoretical background, the number of concrete studies comparing historical ideas and students conceptions is fairly low in chemistiy education. Furthermore, most studies cited deal with isolated topics. Systematic overviews concerning basic ideas like micro-macro thinking, chemical reaction, the particulate nature of matter, energy conversions etc. are mostly not available, except for van Driel et al. (1998) and the case of the chemical equilibrium. 

Gent M. A systematic overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet agents for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death. In Hass WK, Easton ID, editors. Ticlo-pidine, platelets and vascular disease. New York Springer-Verlag 1993 p99-116. 

The development of ammonia synthesis represents a landmark in chemical engineering, as it was the start of large-scale, continuous high-pressure operation in flow reactors, and in catalysis, because the numerous tests of Mittasch provided a systematic overview of the catalytic activity of many substances. 

Ioannidis JP, Lau J. Technical report Evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated sinusitis in children—A systematic overview. Pediatrics 2001 108(3) e57. 

Appendix B consists of a systematic classification and review of conceptual models (physical models) in the context of PBC technology and the three-step model. The overall aim is to present a systematic overview of the complex and the interdisciplinary physical models in the field of PBC. A second objective is to point out the practicability of developing an all-round bed model or CFSD (computational fluid-solid dynamics) code that can simulate thermochemical conversion process of an arbitrary conversion system. The idea of a CFSD code is analogue to the user-friendly CFD (computational fluid dynamics) codes on the market, which are very all-round and successful in simulating different kinds of fluid mechanic processes. A third objective of this appendix is to present interesting research topics in the field of packed-bed combustion in general and thermochemical conversion of biofuels in particular. 

Geddes J, Freemantle N, Harrison P, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2000 321(7273) 1371-1376. 

In order to present an orderly and systematic overview, this chapter... 

Chiba N. Proton pump inhibitors in acute healing and maintenance of erosive or worse esophagitis a systematic overview. Can J Gastroenterol 1997 11 Suppl B 66-73B. 

Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L, Pfeffer M, Hall A, Murray G et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction a systematic overview of data from individual patients. Lancet 2000 355 1575-81. 

The technique can provide a quantification of the current state of knowledge regarding a particular treatment both in terms of safety and efficacy. The Cochrane Collaboration uses the methodology extensively to provide systematic overviews of treatments in particular therapeutic areas and to answer general health questions. 

A systematic overview of the principles involved in and model applications of the reverse-phase HPLC separation of carotenoids. 

Oxidation of organic compounds by ruthenium tetraoxide has been reviewed. The oxidation of various types of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, allenes, aromatic rings, alcohols, amines, and sulfides has been discussed The cyclic oxoruthe-nium(VI) diesters that are formed in the initial step of the oxidation of alkenes are considered to be intermediates in the formation of 1,2-diols.70 The development of new and selective oxidative transformations under ruthenium tetroxide catalysis during the past 10 years has been reviewed. The state of research in this field is summarized and a systematic overview of the reactivity and the reaction mode of ruthenium tetroxide is given.71... 

Petersen JL, Mahaffey KW Hasselblad Y et al, Efficacy and bleeding complications among patients randomized to enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin for antithrombin therapy in non-ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndromes a systematic overview, JAMA 2004 292 89-96. 

In spite of published results of the extensive studies of the considered river mouths, a systematic overview of these investigations and analysis of present-day environmental state of these objects did not perform up to now. An attempt to draw up such overview will be made in this chapter. 

The chemistry of organometallic compounds has become one of the most important areas of chemistry, and it has erased any boundary that might have existed between inorganic and organic chemistry. A few types of organometallic compounds were described briefly in Chapters 7 and 9. However, because of their great utility, a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of these materials is warranted, and this chapter presents a more systematic overview of this area. 

A classification related to the "phytohormonal interaction principle" is also appropriate in a systematic overview of various groups of exogenous PBRs. 

On the basis of the degree and type of soiling, conservators can choose between localized or complete treatment of the item. Stain removal with solvents with or without additives is the method of choice if soils are localized and the general appearance of the rest of the textile is satisfactory. A systematic overview of methods of stain removal is given in the literature (4). The present discussion focuses on the method of complete immersion in the cleaning medium and on the principles of soil removal associated with this technique. Excellent summaries (5) on detergency in aqueous media exist, but detergency in nonaqueous media is not as well documented. 

A systematic overview of major ACE inhibitor trials (CONSENSUS II, AIRE, TRACE, SMILE) found a trend toward less benefit from ACE inhibitors among aspirin users (109). Although the interaction was not statistically significant, the authors concluded that the data did not refute the hypothesis of a major aspirin interaction with ACE inhibitors, especially because patients taking aspirin had only 60% of the benefit seen in patients not taking it. 

Zhang WY, Po AL. Do codeine and caffeine enhance the analgesic effect of aspirin A systematic overview. J Clin Pharm Ther 1997 22(2) 79-97. 

Eberhart LH, Morin AM, Kranke P, Geldner G, Wulf H. Transiente neurologische Symptome nach Spinalanasthesie. Eine quantitative systematische Ubersicht (Metaanalyse) randomisierter kontrollierter Studien. [Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia. A quantitative systematic overview (meta-analysis) of randomized controlled studies.] Anaesthesist 2002 51(7) 539 6. 

Contopoulos-Loannidis DG, Kouri I, Loannidis JP (2007) Pharmacogenetics of the response to beta-2 agonist drugs a systematic overview of the field. Pharmacogenomics 8 933-958... 

In mid-2003, an initial systematic overview of the conceivable allocation options for Germany was in hand with a White Paper on NAP design options (DIW et al. 2003), in which in particular the interrelation of the different regulations was analysed. 

Peto R. Discussion of Peto, R Why do we need systematic overviews of randomized trials Stat Med 1987 6 242. 

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ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction Systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. Circulation 1998 97 2202-2212. 

Kshirsagar AV, Joy MS, Hogan SL, et al. Effect of ACE inhibitors in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic renal disease a systematic overview of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis 2000 35 695— 707. 

Gustavsson A, Osterman B, CavalUn-Stahl E. A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in Hodgkin s lymphoma. Acta Oncol 2003 42 589-604. 

Ferreira 1, et al. Nutritional intervention in COPD A systematic overview. Chest 2001 119 353-363. 

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