Inherent advantages

Some of the inherent advantages of the feedback control strategy are as follows regardless of the source or nature of the disturbance, the manipulated variable(s) adjusts to correct for the deviation from the setpoint when the deviation is detected the proper values of the manipulated variables are continually sought to balance the system by a trial-and-error approach no mathematical model of the process is required and the most often used feedback control algorithm (some form of proportional—integral—derivative control) is both robust and versatile. 

Distillation. Distillation (qv) is by far the most common separation technique because of its inherent advantages. Its phase separation is clean, its equihbrium is closely approached in each stage, and its multistage countercurrent device is relatively easy to build. 

The industrial economy depends heavily on electrochemical processes. Electrochemical systems have inherent advantages such as ambient temperature operation, easily controlled reaction rates, and minimal environmental impact (qv). Electrosynthesis is used in a number of commercial processes. Batteries and fuel cells, used for the interconversion and storage of energy, are not limited by the Carnot efficiency of thermal devices. Corrosion, another electrochemical process, is estimated to cost hundreds of millions of dollars aimuaUy in the United States alone (see Corrosion and CORROSION control). Electrochemical systems can be described using the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena. 

A major market which has developed for fabric fillers is for the control ot flue-gas fly ash in the utility industry. This market is primarily at the expen.se of electrostatic precipitators. Fabric filters have the inherent advantage of operating at a high level of collection efficiency tor a wide range of dust and gas conditions. 

Fluorescence spectroscopy offers several inherent advantages for the characterization of molecular interactions and reactions. First, it is 100-1000 times more sensitive than spectrophotometric techniques. Second, fluorescent compounds are extremely sensitive to their environment. Tryptophan residues that are buried in the hydrophobic interior of a... 

The inherent advantages of on-line SPE-GC for the analysis of aqueous samples are well known [66] and comprise the use of an integrated and closed system in which the SPE extract is transferred from the sample preparation module to the autosampler via an autosampler vial. 

The authors have aimed at developing the necessary background to understand the inherent advantages, as well as the limitations and characteristic difficulties, of this technique. Detailed critical evaluation of results of past investigations has been provided for the most important flow situations and geometries. 

Blow molding is widely used to make polymeric containers of all sorts. In many markets blow molded plastic products have largely displaced such traditional materials as glass, ceramics, or metal. The inherent advantages of polymeric containers include their light weight, clarity, toughness, and versatility. —... 

Being microwave-transparent, the reaction vessels will be no hotter than their contents. As mentioned above, they usually are made from insulating polymeric materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which have inherent advantages for cleaner processing. In contrast with other materials, PTFE is resistant to attack by strong bases or HF and is not corroded by halide ions. 

Far instrumentation purposes, there are clear advantages in placing at least some of the electronic circuitry close to the sensor (see Section 15.1) in order to reduce pick-up noise. However, there may also be inherent advantages in operating transistors at low temperatures, such as increased switching speed or lower noise. A serious problem is the effect on device reliability of the stresses induced by thermal cycling. 

The most common chiral auxiliaries are diphosphines (biphep, binap and analogues, DuPhos, ferrocenyl-based ligands, etc.) and cinchona and tartaric acid-derived compounds. It is clear that the optimal chiral auxiliary is determined not only by the chiral backbone (type or family) but also by the substituents of the coordinating groups. Therefore, modular ligands with substituents that can easily be varied and tuned to the needs of a specific transformation have an inherent advantage (principle of modularity). 

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