Hydrogen molecular, reaction with

An alternate approach was the study of hydrogen chemical reaction with fuller-enes producing strong chemical bonds. There were some works on interstitial solution of molecular hydrogen in fullerenes (e.g., Assink et al. 1992), but the main efforts were made to their chemical modification. There have been proposed several hydrogenation reactions where fullerenes C60 or C70 acted as traps of hydrogen (discussed in many reviews, e.g., Taylor and Walton 1993 Hirsch 1994 Goldshleger and Moravskii 1997). 

The kinetics of the formation of surface nitride layers are discussed in terms of a reaction involving nitrogen-hydrogen molecular ions with the substrate. Diffusion of nitrogen into the bulk determines the rate of growth of the nitride layer. 

Arco have developed an integrated process for the production of industrially important epoxides via an adapted AO process (Figure 1.13).33 34 A sulfonic acid substituted alkylhydroanthraquinone alkylammonium salt is reacted with molecular oxygen to form the alkylanthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then reacted with an alkene in the presence of a titanium zeolite catalyst (TS-1 see Chapter 4). The epoxide product is then separated, and the anthraquinone salt recycled to a hydrogenator for reaction with... 

Formula, CH4.—The analysis of methane shows that it contains approximately 75 per cent carbon and 25 per cent hydrogen. This together with the facts in regard to its density and molecular weight give us the data for the calculation of the composition formula for the compound which has been established as CH4, i.e., one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen. The reaction with oxygen may be written therefore as ... 

The reaction rate of molecular oxygen with alkyl radicals to form peroxy radicals (eq. 5) is much higher than the reaction rate of peroxy radicals with a hydrogen atom of the substrate (eq. 6). The rate of the latter depends on the dissociation energies (Table 1) and the steric accessibiUty of the various carbon—hydrogen bonds it is an important factor in determining oxidative stabiUty. 

Caprolactam [105-60-2] (2-oxohexamethyleiiiiriiQe, liexaliydro-2J -a2epin-2-one) is one of the most widely used chemical intermediates. However, almost all of the aimual production of 3.0 x 10 t is consumed as the monomer for nylon-6 fibers and plastics (see Fibers survey Polyamides, plastics). Cyclohexanone, which is the most common organic precursor of caprolactam, is made from benzene by either phenol hydrogenation or cyclohexane oxidation (see Cyclohexanoland cyclohexanone). Reaction with ammonia-derived hydroxjlamine forms cyclohexanone oxime, which undergoes molecular rearrangement to the seven-membered ring S-caprolactam. 

Experience in air separation plant operations and other ciyogenic processing plants has shown that local freeze-out of impurities such as carbon dioxide can occur at concentrations well below the solubihty limit. For this reason, the carbon dioxide content of the feed gas sub-jec t to the minimum operating temperature is usually kept below 50 ppm. The amine process and the molecular sieve adsorption process are the most widely used methods for carbon dioxide removal. The amine process involves adsorption of the impurity by a lean aqueous organic amine solution. With sufficient amine recirculation rate, the carbon dioxide in the treated gas can be reduced to less than 25 ppm. Oxygen is removed by a catalytic reaction with hydrogen to form water. 

---