Standard Specifications European

In the United States creosote specification AWPA PI/89 is intended for the treatment of timber for land and fresh-water use, and the heavier grade AWPA P13/89 for the preservation of marine piling and timber. In the United Kingdom a British Standard Specification, BS. 144/90, Part 1, specifies three grades of creosote two for pressure impregnation and one for bmshing appHcation. The standards of the West European Institute for Wood Preservation (WEI) are often used in Europe. 

In Europe and elsewhere every country has its own boiler code, inspection requirements, material specifications and en neering, operating and evaluation standards. Some European countries do not yet accept ERW tubing or oxy steel. Drum plate thickness varies among European countries for identical pressure ranges. 

Safety of Machinery—Basic Concepts, General Principles for Design, Part 2. Technical Principles and Specifications. European Standard EN292-2. Brussels Central Secretariat, European Committee for Standardization, 1991, and Amended 1997. 

ASTM D6400. In 1999 ASTM announced its Standard Specification for Compostable Plastics (D6400-99). The standard establishes criteria to be met before a product can be labeled compostable. Briefly a product must, at minimum, satisfy ASTM tests showing conversion to carbon dioxide at 60% for a homopolymer or a statistical random copolymer and 90% for other types of copolymers and blends in 180 days or less, and leave no more than 10% of the original weight on a 2-mm screen. If carbon-14 tests are used a test period of 365 days is allowable. Environmental toxicity issues are also addressed, including limits for heavy metals. The ASTM standard has coimterparts in German (DIN 54900), European (EN 13432), and international (ISO 14855) documents. 

EN 14995, Plastics - Evaluation of Compostability - Test Scheme and Specifications, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2004. 

The mechanical properties (e.g., impact strength, Vicat values, and heat distortion temperature) of organically stabilized 110-mm pipes compare well to lead-stabilized pipes and fulfill the European standards specifications. Currently available longterm tests (Fig. 3.13) indicate that pipes stabilized on an organic basis fulfill future standards, and their service life can be extrapolated to at least 50 years [565]. 

The convention adopted for this paper is that the term Roman cement is applied to European rapid-setting natural cements and American natural cement is applied to materials meeting the ASTM C 10 standard specification. 

The Second American Natural Cement Conference adopted a convention which defined natural cement in terms of the historic American standard ASTM C 10 Standard Specification for Natural Cement). This standard was first adopted over a hundred years ago. European cements do not meet this standard due to excessively rapid time of setting, and in some cases, burning at temperatures reaching the sintering point. 

The specifications for biodiesel are designed to ensure that consumers will not experience operational problems from the fuel s use. ASTM and European Union have standard specifications designed for BlOO FAME used in biodiesel blending, which include GC (gas chromatographic analysis), elemental analysis, as well as physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel [3,4]. Quality fuel will provide the consumer with improved air quality and enhanced operability. Poor quality fuel will create operability problems and increased maintenance activity. It is really necessary to look for newer approaches for the production of biodiesel particularly for variable quality feed stock employing nonedible oils or used flying oils. 

European diesel fuel specifications (EN 590 Standard). Requirements for temperate climatic zones. 

The three-part draft of the radioscopy standard pr EN 13068 is ready for the necessary european inquiries. This standard covers the requirements placed on the imaging system, the checking procedures as to the performance of the entire system and also the specifications of user guidelines for certain inspection tasks. The standard remains open to the definition of new inspection classes for future application cases. 

Harmonised standards are technical specifications adopted by one of the European standards organisations following a mandate issued by the European Commission on which Member States were consulted. When published by the Commission in the Official Journal of the European Communities, the hamionised standards give presumption of confomiity to the essential requirements they specify. This means that manufacturers applying these standards do not have to demonstrate the compliance of the manufactured products with the relevant requirements of the directive. 

A section related to materials sets out, apart from general requirements, that compliance with the material specifications of the directive can be achieved in one of the following forms by using materials which comply to harmonised standards, by using materials covered by a European approval of materials, a subject which will be explained further on, and by a particular material appraisal carried out by the notified body. 

Quality Control. Because fine chemicals are sold according to specifications, adherence to constant and strict specifications, at risk because of the batchwise production and the use of the same equipment for different products ia multipurpose plants, is a necessity for fine chemical companies. For the majority of the fine chemicals, the degree of attention devoted to quahty control (qv) is not at the discretion of the iadividual company. This is particularly the case for fine chemicals used as active iagredients ia dmgs and foodstuffs (see Fine chemicals, standards). Standards for dmgs are pubHshed ia the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) ia the United States (6) and the European Pharmacopeia ia Europe (7). 

Specifications for hGH products are defined by the governmental licensing authorities, eg, the U.S. Pood and Dmg Administration. Draft monographs for hGH have been prepared by both the EnitedStates Pharmacopia and the European Pharmacopeia commissions and should be formally adopted by 1995. These specifications are suitable for biosynthetic hGH. The much less purified pituitary-derived hGH has virtually disappeared from commercial production. An international reference standard for pituitary-derived hGH (lot 80/505) has been used for caUbration, particularly for bioassay purposes. A highly purified biosynthetic hGH standard (lot 88/624) has been prepared and should be formally adopted by 1995, or before. 

The European Union (EU) has a systematic classification of white sugars, shown in Table 10. Codex JUimentarius also has issued specifications for white sugars (17). The EU standards are widely used throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. Other countries, eg, Brazd and the People s RepubHc of China, have their own domestic specifications, which are also appHed to imports. 

All cable references contained in this text are based upon cable specifications in Germany as required by DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen). We are aware that these specifications may or may not be applicable to the reader s specific requirements, and we therefore recommend the reader consult local standards and codes to ensure compliance with the necessary local codes. Some of the cables are defined in a list of American and European electrical cable sizes located in the front of this book. 

General advice on the suitability and degree of resistance of glove materials are summarized in Table 13.12. In all cases, however, in addition to the necessary mechanical properties (i.e. resistance to abrasion, blade cut resistance, tear resistance and puncture resistance rated according to European Standard EN 388), consideration should be given to the resistance to the specific chemicals involved. 

EUROVENT has always led the field in measuring and characterizing air filters. Since 1979 EUROVENT 4/5 has set the standard in Europe and provided the basis for European Standard EN 779 1993, Specifications for Particulate Air Filters for General Ventilation. 

Comite des Constructeurs d Automobiles du Marche Commun represents joint industry opinion on factors such as lubricant specifications, emissions, vehicle design and safety standards. With regard to crankcase lubricants, CCMC defines sequences of engine tests, and the tests themselves are defined by CEC (Coordinating European Committee for the Development of Performance Tests for Lubricants and Engine Euels a joint body of the oil and motor industries). 

Pharmacopoeia publications provide a final important source of information for the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and the healthcare professions. These are concerned with establishing quality standards. These publications include monographs that define specifications for the purity and identity of established pharmaceutical ingredients, both active and non-active, together with recognised analytical methods that may be used to evaluate them. The most relevant are the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur). 

Analytical methods and specifications must be established and validated so as to define and control the quality and purity of the raw materials, intermediates and the finished product. For many standard chemical raw materials, the development of specifications will not be necessary as they are already published in US and European pharmacopoeia (for example, standards for water, organic solvents and various excipients). The ultimate objective of these activities is to be able to manufacture the drugs required for clinical trials in accordance with good manufacturing practice (GMP). 

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