Soft fibers

Vegetable fibers are classified according to their source ia plants as follows (/) the bast or stem fibers, which form the fibrous bundles ia the inner bark (phloem or bast) of the plant stems, are often referred to as soft fibers for textile use (2) the leaf fibers, which mn lengthwise through the leaves of monocotyledonous plants, are also referred to as hard fibers and (J) the seed-hair fibers, the source of cotton (qv), are the most important vegetable fiber. There are over 250,000 species of higher plants however, only a very limited number of species have been exploited for commercial uses (less than 0.1%). The commercially important fibers are given ia Table 1 (1,2). 

China jute Abutilon Bast or soft fibers Abutilon theophrasti China... 

Marom, G. and Arridge, G.C, (1976). Stress concentration and transverse modes of failure in composites with a. soft fiber-matrix interlayer. Mater. Sci. Eng. 23, 23-32,... 

China jute Bast nr soft fibers A bunion Abntifon China... 

Bast is the inner bark of a plant, composed of the phloem and other fibrous cells. Hard fiber, which comes from leaves, is used mostly for cordage (rope, twine, cord) and the rough fabric used for making sacks and other containers. Soft fiber, which comes from plant stems, is used to make thread and finer fabrics like linen, cotton, and woven hemp. 

Cashmere goat soft fibers for textiles Tibet, China, Persia, Turkestan, Outer Mongolia... 

To mount crystals for freezing, metal pins mounted on bases and having a small (0.5 to 5 mm) soft fiber loop on the opposite end are used. Examples are shown in Figure 7.6. The standard procedure is to enter the mother liquor with the pin, capture the crystal on the... 

Building interiors decorated with textile and other soft fiber wall materials have been show to induce mucosal irritation, allergic reaction, skin reaction, asthmatic response, and CNS symptoms associated with SBS. Such wall coverings typically release formaldehyde and other pollutants. They also adsorb and subsequently release other SBS-inducing chemicalsJ33l... 

The second classification is based on functional criteria. Fibers with very small cross-sectional areas tend to be low in bending and torsional rigidities. Products made from these are, therefore, soft to touch. The fibers, therefore, are called soft fibers. Typical examples are cotton and jute. On the other hand, coarser fibers have higher bending and torsional rigidities. Products made from these are harsh to the touch. These fibers are, therefore, called hard fibers. Typical examples are sisal and abaca. Despite these rationales, the fiber classifications remain somewhat arbitrary, albeit often sufficiently useful. 

Improvements were made to pushable fibered coils, including the introduction of platinum fibered 0.035-0.038 standard and 0.018 in microcoils [8, 9). These later developments, provided a softer and more MRI compatible coil but without the radial force of the original stainless steel coils. In Europe an Inconel coil, with excellent radial force, replaced the stainless steel coils and so high radial force and soft fibered platinum coils for vessel occlusion, became available in Europe. The Inconel, high radial force coil, is not yet available in the USA. 

Properties Grayish-wh. soft fibers odorless insol. in water m.w. 277.13 dens. 2.56 bulking value 0.047 gal/lb nonflamm. 

In the case of spun yams, there are basically two types of waste to be considered. The first is solid waste, primarily reworkable and nonreworkable soft fiber waste, hard waste, and packaging materials (e.g., bale wrap and straps, cones, yam cases). The second is spinning additives, which are later removed and become waste from subsequent processes. These include tints, antistatic agents, and lubricants. 

There are several different classifications in terms of plant fibers. While the classification of Nishino [59] includes seven groups as bast (soft) fibers (flax, hemp, jute), leaf (hard) fibers (sisal, abaca, pineapple, etc.), stem fibers (bamboo, banana stalk, corn stalk), fruit fibers (coconut), seed fibers (cotton, baobab, kapok), straw fibers (rice, wheat, corn), and others (seaweeds, palm), that of Faruk et al. [3] has six groups bast fibers (jute, flax, hemp), leaf fibers (abaca, sisal and pineapple), seed fibers (coir, cotton and kapok), core fibers (kenaf, hemp and jute), grass and reed fibers (wheat, corn and rice) and all other types (wood and roots). 

Just about everyone can recognize cotton as a durable, breathable and soft fiber. Perhaps no one recognizes the benefits of cotton as well as Cotton Incorporated, a Cary, NC (USA)-based non-profit organization dedicated to its advancement. Its report, Cotton for Nonwovens A Technical Guide [17, 18], sheds light on how powerful the name cotton has become. In 2000, the... 

Selterswasser, Sodawasser, Sprudel sodium (Na) Natrium sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) Natriumdodecylsulfat sodium hydroxide NaOH Natriumhydroxid sodium hydroxide solution Natronlauge, Natriumhydroxidlosung sodium hypochlorite NaOCI Natriumhypochlorit soft fiber Weichfaser soft foam/ flexible foam Weichschaum soft polymer/... 

As an additive to hard surface cleaners, the soft fibers enhance the cleaning properties of existing cleaners and polishing agents. 

Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant. Cool, soft, and comfortable, cotton is presently the world s most-used fiber, with applications in apparel, home furnishings, medical and surgical materials, and many other industrial products. Cotton fabrics have a pleasant luster, a soft drape, and a smooth hand. They are very comfortable to wear due to their soft hand and other characteristics. Cotton fabrics have excellent absorbing capabilities and, by absorbing perspiration, they keep the wearer more comfortable. Absorbent cotton products can retain 24-27 times their own weight of water and are stronger when wet than dry. 

Fig. 6 Coalescence of soft nanofibers, a Directly during deposition of soft fibers in electrospinning of cellulose acetate, b Result of annealing of polylactide nanofibers at enhanced temperatures [89]...

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