Spinning additives

The calibration models needed to be insensitive to variations in the levels of minor additives (<1 wt%) or process impurities. This was achieved by including samples from different production lines, containing varying concentrations (including zero) of different spinning additives, in the designed experiment sample set. 

The CIDNP method is an indirect method since the hyperfine pattern of a paramagnetic intermediate is derived from the unusual NMR intensities of a diamagnetic product derived from it. This method also has limitations and potential sources of misassignments. Similar to the EPR technique, the CIDNP method only documents the unpaired spin additional evidence for the nature of the paramagnetic intermediate, particularly for the presence of the charge, is derived typically on the basis of mechanistic considerations and from supporting secondary experiments. 

The variables describing electrons and nuclei are termed electronic and nuclear. For the majority of problems which arise in chemistry, the nuclear variables can be thought to be the Cartesian coordinates of the nuclei in the physical three-dimensional space. Of course the nuclei are in fact inherently quantum objects which manifest in such characteristics as nuclear spins - additional variables describing internal states of nuclei, which do not have any classical analog. However these latter variables enter into play relatively rarely. For example, when the NMR, ESR or Mossbauer experiments are discussed or in exotic problems like that of the ortho-para dihydrogen conversion. In a more common setting, such as the one represented by the... 

A schematic drawing of the machine is shown in Figure 5. Besides the impregnation of textiles with dyestuffs or other soluble components in supercritical CO2 the UHDE pilot plant can also be used for the extraction of substances from the fibers (e.g. spinning additives, preparation agents, lubricants, coning oils etc.). 

The third possibility is to evaluate the matrix elements in the coupled-spin representation. The procedure utilises a successive (chain-like) spin addition scheme... 

In the case of spun yams, there are basically two types of waste to be considered. The first is solid waste, primarily reworkable and nonreworkable soft fiber waste, hard waste, and packaging materials (e.g., bale wrap and straps, cones, yam cases). The second is spinning additives, which are later removed and become waste from subsequent processes. These include tints, antistatic agents, and lubricants. 

Optical Properties. When light falls on a nylon fiber, it can be partially transmitted, absorbed, or reflected, depending on the cross-section shape and the nature of any second substance added during polymerization or melt spinning. Additive-free nylon with a standard round cross section has a translucent high sheen luster. The inherent luster of the fiber and the color introduced in dyeing are important optical properties that relate to a fabric s visual quality and its acceptance by the customer. Fibers that need to be opaque or to cover well in... 

There are great opportunities to improve this property during the development stage of the discussed method. It is well known that several parameters including spin additives, coagulation time and temperature, spin bath chemicals, spinneret type, jet draw, finishing and stretch have significant effect on the fibre properties. These parameters have not been developed sufficiently yet. 

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