Fiber classification

Other fiber classification schemes have been devised for chrysotile fibers, but historically the QS grade system has been used as a reference other classification schemes usually have correspondence scales for conversion to the QS values. Amosite can be classified according to the QS grade system, but crocidohte requkes a different scheme (mainly due to the harshness of these fibers). 

Currendy, the Bauer-McNett classification and the QS test are the most widely used fiber classification techniques. Whereas there are quaUtative relationships between QS and BMN, there is no quantitative correspondence. It is readily understood that these standard tests do not provide accurate definition of the fiber lengths the classification also redects the hydrodynamic behavior (volumes) of the fibers, which, because of thek complex shapes, is not readily predictable. 

Fiber extraction-------Starch classification-------Fiber classification------Side line sieving... 

Slavin, J. L. (1987). Dietary fiber Classification,chemical analyses, and food sources. /. Am. Diet. Assec. 87,1164-1171. 

Skeletal muscle fibers have dilferent mechanical and metabolic properties, and fiber classification schemes are based on these differences. All fibers within a muscle unit are similar (but not identical) with respect to twitch characteristics, as these are largely determined by the innervation, and all fibers in a muscle unit are innervated by the same a-MN. However, even within a muscle unit, there may be appreciable interfiber differences in metabolic profile. Consequently, the following classifications should be viewed as useful simplified categories rather than a literal description of populations of fibers. 

Such an approach to fiber classification appears to be systematic and objective. Unfortunately, plants do not always follow the pattern of roots, trunk, leaves, seed, or fruit. There are anomalies. For example, the banana-like plants, yielding abaca, do not have the woody trunk conventionally associated with other plants. Instead, its stem consists of layers of thick, crescentshaped (in cross section) sheaths wrapped around each other they reduce to spindly growths that unfurl from the stem and become the thick central stems of fronds (see Section 8.2.1). Botanically, the sheath-frond system is called a leaf consequently, the fiber extracted from the sheath is classified as leaf fiber. On the other hand, sisal or henequen fibers come from the swordlike leaves of their respective plants. Bagasse (from sugarcane) fiber, used for paper or fiberboard, comes from the stem, which is neither a leaf nor a woody trunk. Thus, the classification of fibers as seed, bast, leaf, or miscellaneous fibers is somewhat arbitrary. 

Furthermore, traditionally, agronomists and botanists have developed the vegetable fiber classification system. Therefore, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on their botanical... 

The second classification is based on functional criteria. Fibers with very small cross-sectional areas tend to be low in bending and torsional rigidities. Products made from these are, therefore, soft to touch. The fibers, therefore, are called soft fibers. Typical examples are cotton and jute. On the other hand, coarser fibers have higher bending and torsional rigidities. Products made from these are harsh to the touch. These fibers are, therefore, called hard fibers. Typical examples are sisal and abaca. Despite these rationales, the fiber classifications remain somewhat arbitrary, albeit often sufficiently useful. 

The traditional plant fiber classification groups are bast, leaf and seed/fruit fibers, other than wood fibers. 

The chemical structure of polymers in a fiber determines the fiber s basic solubility characteristics, and the effect of solvents on fibers can aid in the general fiber classification. Various classification schemes involving solubility have been developed to separate and identify fibers. 

Figure 1.2. Classification of fibers. This is different from the commonly used classification of textile fibers. In the textile fiber classification, fibers are divided into natural fibers and man-made fibers.

Lipowicz and Yeh [23] characterized this fiber motion and went on to examine the applicability of dielectrophoresis for fiber classification. The dielectrophoretic velocity, as derived by Lipowicz and Yeh is given by... 

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