Sodium Hydroxide NaOH

The most common strong base for titrating acidic analytes in aqueous solutions is NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is available both as a solid and as an approximately 50% w/v solution. Solutions of NaOH may be standardized against any of the primary weak acid standards listed in Table 9.7. The standardization of NaOH, however, is complicated by potential contamination from the following reaction between CO2 and OH . 

NaOH sodium hydroxide Mg(OH)t magnesium hydroxide Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide Si(OH) silicic acid (usually written H[Pg.375]

ECD = electrochemical detection FID = flame ionization detector GC = gas chromatography HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography M = molar NaOH = sodium hydroxide NR = not reported rpm = revolutions per minute... 

AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy CdS04 = cadmium sulfate GC/ECD = electrochemical gas chromatographic detection GC/FPD = gas chromatography with flame photometric detection HC1 = hydrochloric acid H2S = hydrogen sulfide NaOH = sodium hydroxide NR = not reported PAS = photoacoustic spectroscopy... 

NaOH sodium hydroxide Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide or ferric hydroxide... 

HCN = hydrogen cyanide HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography NaOH = sodium hydroxide GC = gas chromatography ECD = electron capture detector NPD = nitrogen-phosphorus detector UV = ultraviolet detector. 

AgN03 = silver nitrate CICN = cyanogen chloride CN" = cyanide ion CNATC = cyanides not amenable to chlorination (Rosentreter and Skogerboe 1992) AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FIA = flow injection analysis GC/ECD = gas chromatograph/electron capture detector HCN = hydrogen cyanide NaOH = sodium hydroxide NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health... 

List of Abbreviations cDNA, complementary DNA ddH20, double-distilled H2O dNTP, deoxyribonu-cleotide triphosphate EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid MgCl2, magnesium chloride mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid NaOH, sodium hydroxide PCR, polymerase chain reaction qRT PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNase, ribonuclease RT PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction UTR, untranslated region... 

NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE -48.2774 -1.9340E+03 1.7000E+01 2.9640E-11... 

Methylphenobarbitone. 1 mole of phenobarbitone (232.23 g) is dissolved in 2.5 liters of 95% (not dry) ethanol. To this is added a solution of 45 g NaOH (sodium hydroxide) in 500 ml of 95% ethanol. This mixture is heated, with stirring, until reflux is achieved. 70 g of dimethyl sulphate is added dropwise and refluxing is continued for 3 hours after this addition. Change the reflux condenser into a distillation condenser and distill the ethanol from the mixture. Add water and pour into an ice-hydrochloric acid mixture at 0°. Recrystallize the resulting precipitation, after collection by filtration, from boiling water using decolorizing charcoal. Yield 70% of theoretical, mp 178-181°. 

Strong HC104 Perchloric acid NaOH Sodium hydroxide Strong... 

Abbreviations Amberlite IRA 400 borohydride resin, commercially available resin for selective reduction of a,/3-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones DBU, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-en DCM, dichloromethane DMF, dimethylformamide EtOAc, ethyl acetate Et2NH, diethylamine Et3N, triethylamine HBr, hydrobromic acid HC1, hydrochloric acid MS, mass spectrometry MeOH, methyl alcohol NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide NaBHj, sodium borohydride NaOH, sodium hydroxide NaOMe, sodium methanolate PAMAM, polyaminoamide resin (commercially available) RT, room temperature THF, tetrahydrofuran. 

In Activity 3.4, paper is made in a basic solution. For paper in which wood fibers are used, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) can make the pulp mixture basic by providing an excess of OH" ions. The NaOH breaks down cellulose fibers in the wood and other plant materials that form the primary paper structure. A suspension of these fibers can be placed on fabric on an embroidery hoop. Also, CIO- ions can act as oxidizing agents in the basic solution. Finally, KA1(S04)2 12H20 (potassium aluminum sulfate Alum) is added to the cellulose fibers to coagulate the pulp (clay is added when it is not naturally present). The aluminum ion (Al3+) helps the clay loosely bond to the cellulose fibers so that the resulting paper is dense and smooth. 

General Rules of Solubility as listed in Chapter 8 0.1 M solutions of the following compounds (these are the unknown solutions) Ag(N03) (silver nitrate), Ca(N03)2 (calcium nitrate), Cu(N03)2 (copper nitrate), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KC1 (potassium chloride), Na2SC>4 (sodium sulfate), Nal (sodium iodide), and Na3PC>4 (sodium phosphate) eight small test tubes eight small disposable pipets pH paper one flame test wire in a cork glass plates a Bunsen burner and 3M HC1 (hydrochloric acid). 

Reagents To prepare 10 1 of 1.0 M NaOH, sodium hydroxide pellets (400 g l1) are cautiously dissolved in a minimum amount of distilled water, in a 51 plastic beaker, using full safety precautions. Once the solution has cooled it is quantitatively transferred to a plastic aspirator and adjusted to 101 final volume with distilled water. It may be stored in an aspirator stoppered with a rubber bung, which holds a glass tube containing soda lime. 

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