Functional criteria

Criteria 1 through 5 must be obeyed in order to obtain reasonable results in subsequent calculations using the function. Criteria 6 through 10 are desirable for practical reasons. Finding a function that meets these criteria requires skill and experience, and no small amount of patience. 

The problem with function event trees is that some functions are quite complex and must be analyzed. If a function event tree models the plant s response to an accident initiator, modeling system responses in a fault tree will not clearly exhibit the functional criteria. 

Through applying occupancy or functional criteria of concern Building occupancy Building function criteria... 

Conduct Initial Screening through Applying Occupancy or Functional Criteria of Concern... 

The aim of process design is to create a process, which is profitable, economic, safe, environmentally benign and user friendly. This is achieved by the optimization of process alternatives according to economic and functional criteria. It is required that the safety of a process plant fulfills a certain required level. This is because of general legal requirements, company image, and also due to economic reasons, since an unsafe plant cannot be profitable due to losses of production and capital. 

The sizes of the prion domains vary from 70 amino acid residues (HET-s) to 250 amino acid residues (Rnqlp) (Fig. 1), but their borders are not precisely defined by functional criteria since these domains may be subjected to sizeable truncations while retaining their prionogenic properties (Edskes and Wickner, 2002 Ross et al., 2005). Nor are they precisely defined by the extent of N/Q-rich tracts since not all prion domains have them and the preponderance of these residues can vary within a given prion domain. Since the functional domains tend to have globular folds (Section II.B), an operational definition of a prion domain may be that it terminates with the last (or first) residue that is not part of the functional domain, although this definition is applicable only when that fold is known. 

Woo, Y.-T., Arcos, J.C. and Lai, D.Y. (1985) Structural and functional criteria for suspecting chemical compounds for carcinogenic activity, in Handbook of Carcinogen Testing (eds H.A., Milman, and... 

Molecular evolution demands inherent self-reproductivity. RNA seems to fulfill this function best of all known macromolecules. On account of its complex structure RNA must first have appeared in nature long after proteins or protein-like structures. A protein can by chance fulfill a particular function, but this fulfilment is determined by purely structural and not at all by functional criteria. Adaptation to a particular function, however, demands an inherent mechanism of self-reproduction. The only logically justifiable way of exploiting the immense functional capacity of the proteins in evolution lies in an intermarriage between these two classes of macromolecules, that is, in the translation into protein of the information stored in the self-reproductive RNA structures. 

The CNS can be grossly divided into the brain and spinal cord (Fig. 5-1). The brain is subdivided according to anatomic or functional criteria. The following is a brief overview of the general organization of the brain and spinal cord, with some indication of where particular CNS drugs tend to exert their effects. This chapter is not intended to be an extensive review of neuroanatomy—a more elaborate discussion of CNS structure and function can be found in several excellent sources.25 28,40,41... 

It is equally important that the evaluation of initial assignment of sequences to a superfamily be made from structural rather than functional criteria. This avoids, for example, trivial but important errors from the use of keyword searches to identify members of a superfamily. It also avoids early bias in determining residues/motifs that are conserved across all members of a superfamily. Multiple alignment and motif analysis provide sensitive methods for structure-based confirmation of sequence similarity. Scoring systems that can be applied to such methods provide verification of the statistical significance associated with the comparisons. 

Army experiences as well as technological advances have resulted in the accumulation of substantial data, which has been used to develop the functional criteria, that must be recognized in design and development of equipment and associated facilities used for ammunition operations. Primary guidelines are found in the Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command Safety Manual (DARCOMR 385-100), Ammunition and Explosive Standards (TM 9-1300-206) and Occupational Safety and Health Act Standards, as well as other laws, rules and regulations. All of these criteria have been recognized and considered in the development of the Mobile Surveillance Inspection Shop. 

The genetically complex AcAfNPV prototype baculovirus genome is a double-stranded, covalently closed circular molecule with superhelical conformation and a size of approximately 130 kbp (12). Regulation of viral gene expression is temporally organized relative to the time of viral DNA replication which occurs at approximately 6 hours post infection in cultured insect cells. By our functional criteria, some of the early genes (Table I) are described as immediate early because they are expressed immediately in a viral infection or transient expression assay, or do not require... 

When, as a synthetic chemist, you look at the structure of RNA, you may ask yourself how did this particular type of molecular structure enter the scene for the first time If you adhere to the principles of evolution, you are led to conclude that the structure is the result of a selection process. Selection from what An important possibility is that RNA had been selected (or had selected itself) from a combinatorially formed library of alternative structures. Again, if you, as a synthetic chemist, hypothesize about the type of chemistry that could have produced RNA for the first time, chemical reasoning leads you to consider that there are many chemically closely related alternative structures that could have had a comparable chance to be formed by the same kind of chemistry. In such a scenario, RNA was selected, or had selected itself, by functional criteria from a library of structurally related nucleic acid alternatives. Such a view defines a strategy for approaching the question experimentally you systematically make such potentially natural alternatives in the laboratory by chemical synthesis and compare them with RNA with respect to those chemical properties that are known today to be relevant for RNA s biological functions. Such comparisons may tell you. 

Chemokines (CKs) are a group of low molecular weight cytokines that are identified on the basis of their ability to induce chemotaxis or chemokinesis in leukocytes (or in particular populations of leukocytes) in inflammation, the group is now divided into four subgroups on the basis of genetic, structural, and functional criteria. They function as regulators of the immune system and may also play roles in the circulatory and central nervous systems. ... 

TABLE 48-8 Diagnostic Accuracy of Non invasive Tests for Mild, Moderate, and Severe Pancreatic Insufficiency, as Assessed by Anatomical or Functional Criteria... 

Considerating the number and relative stringency of the functional criteria satisfied by the protein folds - - self-organizing robustness in conjunction with marginal stabihty, diverse architectures, a hydrophobic core fit for organic synthesis, diverse bulk properties, etc. - it seems likely that few other types of polymer will be equally fit. At present, I think that current knowledge is consistent with the possibility that the protein folds represent an ensemble of natural forms uniquely fit for the mechanism we call life. If correct, this not only would support Henderson s contention that the cosmos is fine-tuned for carbon-based life, but would further restrict this statement to the protein-based variety of life that exists currently on earth. 

At present, >20 members are known of the Bcl-2 family, which can have a negative or a positive effect on the initiation of the apoptotic program. All Bcl-2 family members have at least one copy of a so-called BH motif (BH, Bcl-2 homolog), of which there are four types (BH1-BH4). On the basis of structural and functional criteria, the Bcl-2 family has been divided into three groups (review Cory and Adams, 2002 Fig 15.7) ... 

Structural and Functional Criteria for Ozone-Metabolizing Enzymes... 

The members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that are encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Fig. 8) constitute a large family which, on the basis of functional criteria, can be divided into two major sets [88—91]. The first consists of antigen-presenting molecules and includes the classical transplantation antigens (class I, see below) and immune response factors (class II). The function of the second is presumably in differentiation, since these molecules (which in the mouse include the Qa and TL antigens [92]) are expressed on specific cell types molecules analogous to this second set V (CD1) are also encoded by a small family... 

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis is essential for the development of pesticides and for the evaluation of cancer hazard and risk assessment. The critical factors that should be considered in SAR analysis and the profile of typical potent carcinogens are discussed. A scheme combining structural and functional criteria for suspecting chemical compounds of carcinogenic activity is presented. Selected classes of pesticides with carcinogenic potential are reviewed to exemplify structural and/or functional features responsible for their carcinogenic activity. 

Because of the complexity of SAR analysis a formalized scheme is used for detecting potential carcinogens, so as to ensure that all factors are properly considered. One such scheme is shown in Fig. 3. After consideration of the physicochemical properties, exposure pattern, degradation potential, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, three categories of criteria should be used for suspecting chemical compounds of carcinogenic activity. These are (1) structural criteria, (2) functional criteria, and (3) "guilt-by-association criterion. 

Functional criteria represent the sum of pharmacological and toxicological capabilities which, irrespective of structural type, have been correlated with carcinogenic activity. Functional criteria are used in a complementary manner to structural criteria because structural considerations alone cannot forecast entirely new structural types of carcinogens. Some of the... 

At least some of these criteria are so highly correlated with carcinogenicity that they have been developed as short-term tests. One good approach to improve the use of the functional criteria is to carry out a systematic chemical class-by-chemical class study of the correlation between the particular functional criterion in question and carcinogenicity. Not all chemical classes are expected to demonstrate a certain functional criterion endpoint. The class-specific approach should enhance the usefulness of the functional criteria approach in predicting potential carcinogenicity. 

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