Sodium or potassium azide

Preparation of alkyl azides The azide ion (N3 ), a good nucleophile, can displace leaving groups from 1° and 2° alkyl halides. Alkyl azides are easily prepared from sodium or potassium azides and alkyl halides. The reaction mechanism resemhles the formation of nitrile. 

The second method for the synthesis of monocyclic aromatic 1,2,3-triazines 2 by ring enlargement is the rearrangement of cyclopropenyl azides i78-86"89-"7- 124 (cf. Houben-Weyl, Vol. E 17d, p2849), by heating them neat,78-89,117-118 in methanol,86 89 dimethylformamide,89 benzene,86119 toluene,86 xylene,88-120 or dichloromethane.87 121 The only limitation to this method seems to be the availability of the cyclopropenylium salts as starting materials for the cyclopropenyl azides. Cyclopropenyl azides may be generated in situ from a cyclopropenylium salt and sodium or potassium azide.86 89... 

The process is carried out in alkaline media with alkyl nitrite and yields 80% sodium or potassium azide. It was for decades competitive with Wislicenus method for commercial azide production. Unnoticed at the time, this azide retains small amounts of hydrazine as an impurity, which was later found to be indispensable for azidation reactions in organic chemistry ( active sodium azide). 

NH2 was also observed by Ginns and Symons [12] in aqueous glasses containing sodium or potassium azide which were exposed to Co 7-rays or 254 nm ultraviolet light at 77°K. These authors also observed features in the ESR spectra which are characteristic of neutral nitrogen atoms, namely, three hyperfine lines separated by 5.0 G. However, fine structure expected for the 3/2 ground state of N was not observed. Further, it is unclear from reference [12] whether the... 

Primary amines can be prepared in high yield by reacting a haloalkane with the strong nudeophile (and weak base) sodium or potassium azide followed by reduction with LiAlH,. 

The importance of reactions with complex, metal hydrides in carbohydrate chemistry is well documented by a vast number of publications that deal mainly with reduction of carbonyl groups, N- and O-acyl functions, lactones, azides, and epoxides, as well as with reactions of sulfonic esters. With rare exceptions, lithium aluminum hydride and lithium, sodium, or potassium borohydride are the... 

Though explosive, it (and its ammonium salt) are much less sensitive to impact or friction than its sodium or potassium salts [1]. A small sample of the latter exploded violently during vacuum filtration. The parent compound explodes spontaneously even in acetone (but not in ethanol or aqueous) solution if traces of acetic acid are present [2], The salts are readily formed from diaminoguanidine salts and alkali nitrites. The ammonium salt explodes on heating, and the silver salt is violently explosive even when wet [1]. The sodium salt is also readily formed from cyanogen azide. 

DIFLUOROETHENE or DIFLUORO-l,l-ETHENE (75-38-7) Flammable gas (flash point <—85°F/<—65°C). Violent reaction with oxidizers, barium, sodium, or potassium. Reacts with aluminum chloride. Incompatible with hydrogen chloride. May form explosive compounds with light metals and metallic azides. Capable of forming unstable peroxides may cause explosive polymerization. Undergoes thermal decomposition when exposed to flame or red-hot surfaces. May accumulate static electricity, and cause ignition of its vapors. The uninhibited monomer vapor may block vents and confined spaces by forming a solid polymer material. 

The further scheme for calculating the composition of the primary products for sodium and potassium azides, decomposing to gaseous products only, and for the silver azide melt was the same as for the nitrides (see above). The composition was determined by choosing the decomposition scheme for which the molar enthalpy would fit the experimental value. For the other azides, decomposing to the solid metal and a mixture of atomic and molecular nitrogen, the molar enthalpy for one or another product composition needs to be compared to the experimental value, taking into account a partial contribution of the heat of condensation, AcH. For this purpose, the tAcH /v quantity was subtracted from the experimental value of E. Their difference E — tAcH /v) corresponds to the molar enthalpy, of... 

It is therefore recommended to add sodium nitrite solution before using acid for destruction of unwanted LA (or also sodium azide) residues in the laboratory or even in industrial applications [3, 5, 21]. Urbahski recommends the use of 8 % solution of sodium nitrite and 15 % nitric acid for LA [30], whereas 92 % sulfuric acid is recommended for sodium azide [5]. Many other reactions have been proposed for the decomposition of LA, including reaction with sodium polysulfide [21] or dissolving LA in ammonium acetate and adding sodium or potassium bichromate until no more lead chromate precipitates [5],... 

Direct incorporation of metals in microporous supports by adsorption of metal vapors is possible in the case of alkali metals which have high vapor pressures. In an early piece of work, Rabo et al. [66] reported that faujasites are able to sta-bihze neutral or ionic sodium clusters by exposing the carefully dehydrated zeo-Htes to sodium vapors under vacuum. The technique was later improved and extended to other zeoHtes and other alkali metals. Harrison et al. [67] found that Na + clusters were located in sodalite cages. Another technique consists of using the decomposition of sodium azide (NaNj) as a source of sodium vapor [68]. Xu and Kevan [69,70] achieved a detailed characterization of clusters prepared by these methods. Sodium clusters can even be loaded at room temperature merely by stirring the zeoHte powder with sodium or potassium in the solid state or in a solution of tetrahydrofuran or hexane [71]. 

Bromination (Br2) of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophen-4-one affords either a 2-bromo or a 5-bromo derivative, depending on whether the reaction is carried out at 0° in ether,445,446 or at—5 to 0°in 50% aqueous acetic acid.354 The 5-bromo derivative condenses with morpholine or potassium phthalimide to give 140a or 140b, respectively.445, 446 Hydrazinolysis of 140b fails to give any of the 5-amino derivative.445,446 On nitration, the 2-bromo derivative affords the 3-nitro compound or 141 (R = N02), depending on the reaction conditions.354 With sodium azide in PPA the 2-bromo and 2-bromo-3-... 

T. Curtius and A. Darapsky prepared a basic salt, lanthanum hydroxyazide, La(0H)(N3)2l H20, by boiling a soln. of lanthanum nitrate and sodium azide. The white, slimy mass of basic lanthanum azide is obtained by evaporating the mixed soln. in vacuo, or by treatment of the soln. with a mixture of alcohol and ether. They also made rose-coloured didymium hydroxyazide, Dy(OH)(N3)2, by evaporating a soln. of didymium carbonate in hydrazoic acid. Freshly precipitated yttrium hydroxide dissolves in hydrazoic acid, forming a soluble yttrium hydroxyazide boiling a soln. of yttrium sulphate and sodium azide gives a precipitate of yttrium hydroxide. L. M. Dennis found that zirconium hydroxide is precipitated when a soln. of zirconium salt is treated with potassium azide. 

In addition to the method outlined under procedure A, hydrazoic acid may be prepared by the action of oxalic1 or fluosilicic acids2 upon solutions of sodium azide or by the treatment of barium azide solutions with dilute sulfuric acid. A method involving the action of perchloric acid upon potassium azide has also been proposed. However, subsequent distillation of the filtrate, after removal of the precipitated potassium perchlorate, is necessary to prepare pure hydrazoic acid. Pure hydrazoic acid has also been obtained by the oxidation of hydrazine in acid solution by hydrogen peroxide.3-"... 

Only the preparation of potassium azide is described here. However, the method outlined below can be adapted to the preparation of the alkali and alkaline earth azides in general. It is also suggested for the purification of technical sodium azide. The usual methods for the synthesis of sodium azide by the nitrous oxide-sodium amide3 method or the hydrazine-alkyl nitrite4 procedure have either not... 

Iron(n) salts mediated the coupling of trialkylboranes with KSGN to give RSCN via a radical process.553,554 Stereochemically pure ( )-l-thiocyanato-alkenes or ( )-l-azide-alkenes were obtained from alkynes when hydro-boration with disiamylborane was followed by reaction with potassium thiocyanate or sodium azide in the presence of copper(n) nitrate, copper(n) acetate, and small amount of water in polar aprotic solvent (Equation (116)).555... 

Currently there are about 200,000 ionic compounds known to man (most of them being synthetic). The most common ionic compound is table salt or sodium chloride. Some common examples of ionic compounds include potassium permanganate, sodium azide, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, sodium fluoride, potassium chlorate, and zinc sulfate. Ionic compounds make up the majority of the earth, solar system, and the universe. 

In view of its zinc content, the activity of yeast ADH was studied in the presence of a large variety of agents known to combine with this metal ioii in simple systems as salts, chelates, or complex ions. It was expected that the formation of such compounds would reduce the activity of the enzyme if zinc were involved in its mechanism of action. In addition to OP, aa D, 8-OHQ-5SA, DZ, and TU (Vallee and Hoch, 1955), the following have since been found to inhibit yeast ADH activity NaDDC, BAL, Cupferron, thiosemicarbazide, sodium sulfide, potassium cyanide, and sodium azide (Vallee and Hoch, in preparation for publication). Inhibition was found to be strongly dependent upon the time of contact between the enzyme and the inhibitor prior to the measurement of activity, the pH of the preincubation mixture, and the temperature at which the preincubation was allowed to take place. 

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