Potassium thiocyanate, reaction with

DOT CLASSIFICATION 5.1 Label Oxidizer SAFETY PROFILE A strong oxidizer. Ignites on contact with potassium thiocyanate. Reaction with CI2 yields explosive CIO2. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CT. See also CHLORITES and CALCIUM COMPOUNDS. 

Another of the suggested methods consists of the initial reaction of styrene oxide with ethyl-enimine to makeiV-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenimine (38.1.29), which is reacted with potassium thiocyanate or with thionrea to give l-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imino-l,3-thiazolidine (38.1.28). hi the aforementioned manner, the prodnct is treated first with thionyl chloride and then with acetic anhydride to make tetramizole [26-31]. 

Detecting peroxides. There may be times when you need to know the peroxide content of a chemical and there are several methods that test for the presence of peroxides, including iodide methods, ferrous thiocyanate methods, titanium sulfate methods, and test strip methods. These methods each have their limitations—some will not detect the presence of all peroxide forms. These methods should not be used to test alkali metals or amides since they react violently with water. Test strips offer some advantages in that they detect a wide group of different peroxides, can be used easily, and are convenient. However, they have limited shelf life and may be beyond the budget of some. For example, potassium iodide-starch test strips are available that can detect peroxides below 100 ppm. The presence of peroxides is detected by deep dark blue (virtually black) color on the test strip from the reaction of iodine (from potassium iodide reaction with peroxide) and starch. We will not discuss these peroxide test methods in detail here, but you should know that they are available. 

Uses. There may be some captive use of carbonyl sulfide for production of certain thiocarbamate herbicides (qv). One patent (38) describes the reaction of diethylamine with carbonyl sulfide to form a thiocarbamate salt which is then alkylated with 4-chloroben2yl haUde to produce 3 -(4-chloroben2yl) A[,A/-diethylthiocarbamate [28249-77-6] ie, benthiocarb [28249-77-6]. Carbonyl sulfide is also reported to be useful for the preparation of abphatic polyureas. In these preparations, potassium thiocyanate and sulfuric acid are used to first generate carbonyl sulfide, COS, which then reacts with a diamine ... 

The reactions of oxiranes with thiocyanate ion or with thiourea are usually done in homogeneous solution in water, alcohols or alcohol-acetic acid. The use of silica gel as a support for potassium thiocyanate in toluene solvent is advantageous for the simple work-up (filtration and evaporation of solvent) (80JOC4254). A crown ether has been used to catalyze reactions of potassium thiocyanate. 

A decisive solvent effect is also observed with other a,/ -epoxy ketones. Specifically, 3jS-hydroxy-16a,17a-epoxypregn-5-en-20-one and its acetate do not react with thiocyanic acid in ether or chloroform. However, the corresponding thiocyanatohydrins are formed by heating an acetic acid solution of the epoxide and potassium thiocyanate. As expected, the ring opening reaction is subject to steric hindrance. For example, 3j6-acetoxy-14f ,15f5-epoxy-5) -card-20(22)-enoIide is inert to thiocyanic acid in chloroform, whereas the 14a,15a-epoxide reacts readily under these conditions.Reactions of 14a,15a-epoxides in the cardenolide series yields isothiocyanatohydrins, e.g., (135), in addition to the normal thiocyanatohydrin, e.g., (134). 

A disubstitution reaction occurs in the condensation of 1,2-dichloroperfluoro-cycloalkenes with potassium thiocyanate [78] or potassium p-nitrothiophenoxide [79] (equation 71). 

The importance of solvent effects in the preparation of perfluoroalkyzinc reagents is further illustrated in the reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodides with zinc-copper couple. In DMSO, DMF, and HMPA, the main products are the fluo-roolefins The formation of the fluoroolefin is facilitated when the reaction is carried out in the presence of potassium thiocyanate [30] (equation 21)... 

The product is a mixture, however, the composition may be altered by the nucleophile used in the reaction For example, the reaction of perfluorobutyl iodide in the presence of sodium acetate or sodium bisulfite results mostly in perfluoro-2-butene and nonafluorobutane, whereas with potassium thiocyanate, perfluoro-1 butene is the dominant product, together with perfluoro-2-butene and a small amount of nonafluorobutane (equation 40)... 

Treatment of 3,4-dinitrofurazan with potassium thiocyanate in acetic acid at 10-20°C led to the corresponding thiocyanate 214 in 83% yield along with a small amount of 3-mercapto-4-nitrofurazan, whereas at 70-75°C the precursor was converted into a mixture of the disulfide 215 (38%) and tricycle 216 (27%). Thioether 217 was prepared in 78% yield by reaction of 3,4-dinitrofurazan and sodium sulfide (95MC25) (Scheme 145). 

The reactivity at the C-4 position of hexose and hexoside sulfonates has been demonstrated in the gluco and galacto series and could undoubtedly be extended to other sugars as well. In another example (25), methyl 2,3-di-0-benzoyl-4-0-p-tolysulfonyl-a-D-glucopyranoside (18a) was treated with potassium thiocyanate in N,N-dimethylformamide at 140°C. for 9 hours to give the C-4 epimeric thiocyanato derivative 19 in 34% yield. The corresponding 4-p-bromobenzenesulfonate (18b) however, afforded a 55% yield of 19 in only 2% hours of reaction time. 

Attempted selective displacement (96) of the primary tosylate function in 34 with sodium iodide in refluxing 2-butanone led to the 6-deoxy-6-iodo derivative 35 in 32% yield only, while the di-iodo derivative 36 was formed in 45% yield. These results are to be compared with those reported by Owen and Ragg (85) who observed no reaction with either potassium thiolacetate or potassium thiocyanate in the corresponding / -series. 

Ethylene carbonate, reaction with potassium thiocyanate, 42, 59 Ethylene sulfide, 42, S9 Ethyl formate, reaction with cyclo-hexylamine, 41, 14 Ethyl- -hexylamine, 43, 47 5-(2-Ethylhexyl)-l,2,3,4,5-pentachloro-cyclopentadiene, 43, 93 Ethylhydrazinium hydrogen oxalate,... 

Acylated glycosyl thiocyanates are made by treatment of acylated glycopyranosyl halides with potassium thiocyanate.30 Reaction at —40° with a Grignard reagent affords alkyl or aryl 1-thioglycosides.54... 

Another main subject of research of Garcia Gonzalez, with the collaboration of J. Femandez-Bolanos, was the reaction of amino sugars with isothiocyanic acid derivatives. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose hydrochloride and potassium thiocyanate were shown to give rise to 4-(D-arabino-tetritol-l-... 

These and similar results can be explained if the simultaneous reduction of hydrogen peroxide is due to an induced reaction. To show the characteristic features of this reaction some results are presented in Table 19 and Table 20. The procedure for these measurements was as follows. The solution of peroxy compounds given in columns 1 and 2 was made up to 20 ml and the pH was adjusted to the given value. Then potassium thiocyanate solution was added and, after the reaction time noted, the process was quenched by adding potassium iodide solution (0.3 g KI). After 5 sec the solution was acidified with 1 ml 2 iV sulphuric acid then using, molybdate catalyst solution, the iodine liberated was titrated with standard thiosulphate. 

Cyanide and thiocyanate anions in aqueous solution can be determined as cyanogen bromide after reaction with bromine [686]. The thiocyanate anion can be quantitatively determined in the presence of cyanide by adding an excess of formaldehyde solution to the sample, which converts the cyanide ion to the unreactive cyanohydrin. The detection limits for the cyanide and thiocyanate anions were less than 0.01 ppm with an electron-capture detector. Iodine in acid solution reacts with acetone to form monoiodoacetone, which can be detected at high sensitivity with an electron-capture detector [687]. The reaction is specific for iodine, iodide being determined after oxidation with iodate. The nitrate anion can be determined in aqueous solution after conversion to nitrobenzene by reaction with benzene in the presence of sulfuric acid [688,689]. The detection limit for the nitrate anion was less than 0.1 ppm. The nitrite anion can be determined after oxidation to nitrate with potassium permanganate. Nitrite can be determined directly by alkylation with an alkaline solution of pentafluorobenzyl bromide [690]. The yield of derivative was about 80t.with a detection limit of 0.46 ng in 0.1 ml of aqueous sample. Pentafluorobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate has been used to derivatize carboxylate and phenolate anions and to simultaneously derivatize bromide, iodide, cyanide, thiocyanate, nitrite, nitrate and sulfide in a two-phase system using tetrapentylammonium cWoride as a phase transfer catalyst [691]. Detection limits wer Hi the ppm range. 

A quite different use of a thiocyanate salt is the conversion of an epoxide (oxirane) to an episulfide (thiirane) this normally heterogeneous reaction is markedly accelerated by the use of silica gel coated with, or finely ground with, potassium thiocyanate, rather than with the thiocyanate salt alone.17... 

Potassium permanganate and iodine, which are important redox reagents, are both self-indicating, i.e. the colour of the reagent in each case is intense and will impart a perceptible colour to a solution when present in very small excess. One drop of a solution of potassium permanganate (0.02 mol dm 3) can be detected in a titrand solution of 100 cm3, and a similar amount of iodine by shaking the titrand with 5 cm3 of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride to produce an intense purple colour. Specific indicators react in a specific manner with one participant in the reaction. The best examples are starch, which produces an intense blue colour with iodine and potassium thiocyanate, which forms an intense red compound with iron(III). 

A series of 3-substituted 2-nitrosiminobenzothiazohnes (35a-e) as well as the disub-stituted analog 35f were prepared (Scheme 3.24) [198]. The reaction of an arylamine hydrochloride with potassium thiocyanate gave the corresponding unsymmetrical thiourea [199]. Oxidative cyclizations with bromine provide the iminobenzothia-zolines [191, 200], which on treatment with sodium nitrite in acetic acid afforded the nitrosiminobenzothiazoline (35a-f). The nitrosiminobenzoselenazoline (42) was similarly prepared. 

The reaction of compounds 161 with bromine followed by treatment with potassium thiocyanate affords 5-thiocyanato-6-arylimidazo[2,l-A][l,3,4]thiadiazoles 163 (Equation 4) <2000EJM853>. 

The reaction of phenylazoalkenes 424 with an excess of potassium thiocyanate in acetic acid produces the cycloadducts 425 that undergo further [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction with thiocyanic acid at the azomethine imine function giving rise to the bicyclic product imidazo[l,5-3][triazole]-2,5-dithiones 41 (Equation 87) <1998SL786>. 

In addition to benzenoid diazo components, diazotised heterocyclic amines in which the amino group is attached to a nitrogen- or sulphur-containing ring figure prominently in the preparation of disperse dyes [87,88], since these can produce marked bathochromic shifts. The most commonly used of these are the 6-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles, prepared by the reaction of a suitable arylamine with bromine and potassium thiocyanate (Scheme 4.31). Intermediates of this type, such as the 6-nitro derivative (4.79), are the source of red dyes, as in Cl Disperse Red 145 (4.80). It has been found that dichloroacetic acid is an effective solvent for the diazotisation of 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole [89]. Subsequent coupling reactions can be carried out in the same solvent system. Monoazo disperse dyes have also been synthesised from other isomeric nitro derivatives of 2-aminobenzothiazole [90]. Various dichloronitro derivatives of this amine can be used to generate reddish blue dyes for polyester [91]. 

OZTs from aldoses and ketoses. The second and the oldest-as well as the less studied—method is based on the condensation of O-unprotected sugars with thiocyanic acid, generated in situ from potassium thiocyanate and a protic acid. The reaction involves the free anomeric position and a y- or (5-hydroxyl group able to promote intramolecular cyclization of a transient open-chain isothiocyanate, to form the thermodynamically most stable OZT. The first results obtained by Zemplen in d-gluco and D-Fru series reported the formation of OZTs fused to pyran backbones (Scheme 20).42... 

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