Soaps personal care products

Consumer products Liquids detergents and soaps Personal care products Cosmetics Polishes - waxes, etc. Blending control Composition monitoring Raw materials screening Quality control... 

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Alkanolamines ate important taw materials in the manufacture of creams (95—97), lotions, shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics. Soaps (98) formed from triethanolamine and fatty acids ate mild, with low alkalinity and excellent detergency. Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is a common base for shampoos (99—101) and offers significant mildness over sodiumlauryl sulfate. Diethanolamine lauryl sulfate and fatty acid soaps of mono- and trietban olamine can also be used in shampoos and bubble bath formulations. Chemistry similar to that used in soluble oils and other emulsifiers is appUcable to cleansing creams and lotions (102,103). Alkanolamides or salts ate added to the shampoo base to give a smooth, dense foam (104). 

The use of AOS in toiletries and personal care products has now been established. In India, for example, AOS has been used by leading toilet soap manufacturers with clear performance benefits, especially in hard water-sensitive areas. Combo bars, where part of the usual fatty acid soap is replaced by synthetic AOS as shown in Table 29, seem to be especially attractive from a cost/performance point of view. 

Personal care products Leave-on rinse-off cosmetics toiletries Colour cosmetics, hair care, baby infant care Skin creams / lotions, wet-wipes, sun-care Bath shower gels, hand body wash, soaps... 

Triclosan is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent with antifungal and antiviral properties, widely employed in personal care products such as soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, and cosmetics [40]. Fungal-mediated degradation studies have been mainly performed by means of enzymatic processes, although a couple of whole cell transformation reports are available. 

Speciality chemicals adhesives, solvents, surfactants (e.g., in personal care products and soaps detergents), specialized organics and pharmaceutical and healthcare products (e.g., vitamins). 

Alcohol sulfates (R — 0S03"Na ) - alcohol reacted with suihir trioxide then neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Applications include shampoo, bar soaps, and other personal care products laundry and dishwashing soap textiles and additives to emulsion polymerization. 

The value of 0.9882 (almost unity) was indicative of the one-to-one correspondence of the fate of these two compounds. Both compounds are widely used in soaps and other personal care products on a regular basis. This finding shows the possibility of using information about the presence of one of these compounds to predict the fate of the other despite the fact that both chemicals belong to different... 

Coumarin is a natural product occurring in the essential oils of a large number of plants, such as cinnamon, cassia, lavender and woodruff. It is used for its fragrance in many personal care products (perfumes, deodorants, soaps) and in tobacco, in household and industrial products to mask unpleasant odours and, in some countries, as a flavouring agent in food and beverages. It has also been used to treat several medical conditions. Exposure to coumarin may occur from its production, its natural presence in many plants and essential oils, and its several industrial, medical and consumer uses. 

The toxicological data for the sulfosuccinate esters are summarized in Table XX. Products of this type in general show low toxicity and low irritation. Eye irritation decreases with increasing EO mole number, approaching the non-irritating level. Further, both skin and eye irritation of AES (Sulfate of PAE) can be significantly weakened when mixed with the sulfosuccinate (Table XX). This effect may suggest their applicabilities in personal care products such as hair or body shampoo, baby soap and medical soap. 

A century ago, the personal care market consisted of just toilet soaps and tooth powder but, today, the consumer is offered a plethora of choices, with a product for every conceivable task. To illustrate this point, the major categories of personal care products available in the U.S. market are shown in Figure 1.11. 

Hydroxysultaines find use in personal care products, where they function as secondary surfactants to enhance the properties of anionic-based formulations, in much the same way as betaines. They are also among the best lime soap dispersants known, so they are used effectively in natural soap based products where they make the use of hard water practical. They are also used in petroleum production chemicals were they serve as foaming agents for acid and foam fracturing procedures. 

D-Limonene can be absorbed through the skin after application of citrus oils, perfumes, soaps, and other fragranced personal care products, and through skin contact with citrus-based cleaning products. 

In many parts of the world, it is common practice to release treated wastewater to inland waterways. As a result, many pharmaceuticals (such as antibiotics and hormonal medicines) and personal care products such as soaps, shampoos, and moisturizing lotions (e.g., substances containing phenols and phthalates), are present in drinking water sources. These have relatively recently become an important issue for the drinking water industry as many are known to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals, including humans. 

The nonoxyethylenated monoalkyl phosphates cause little skin irritation and are used in personal care products. The sodium salt of monododecyl phosphate, unlike soap, works in a weakly acidic medium and can therefore be used as a detergent in face cleaners and cleansers and in body shampoos. The potassium or alkanol-ammonium salt of monohexadecyl phosphate is used as an emulsifying agent in skin care products. The dialkyl phosphate must be avoided in the synthesis of these products, since it reduces foaming and water solubility. 

Some chloroacnegens, such as 3.4, are so potent that drug companies hesitate to work with them.46 The widespread use of triclosan (3.5) as a bactericide in personal care products needs to be reduced now that several strains of bacteria resistant to it have been isolated.47 Soap and water alone will suffice in many of these applications. The use of dichlobenil (3.6) to kill roots penetrating underground pipes might be eliminated by designing tighter pipe joints.48... 

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