Smoke containing

Tobacco smoke contains a variety of air pollutants. In a survey of 80 homes ia an area where the outdoor TSP varied between 10—30 lg/m, the iadoor TSP was the same, or less, ia homes having ao smokers. la homes having oae smoker, the TSP levels were betweea 30—60 lg/m, while ia homes having two or more smokers, the levels were betweea 60—120 lg/m (64). la other studies, iadoor TSP levels exceeding 1000 lg/m have beea fouad ia homes with aumerous smokers. la additioa to TSP, burning tobacco emits CO, NO formaldehyde [50-00-0] bea2opyreaes, nicotine [54-11-5] pheaols, and some metals such as cadmium [7440-43-9] and arsenic [7440-38-2] (65). 

The long-term effects of CECs and HCECs leaking into the environment have been discussed. Combustion where aU ceUular plastics can evolve smoke containing carbon monoxide and in certain cases cyanide and other toxic gases from various constituents involved in thein manufacture is also a consideration. 

Nitrite is part of the preserving process for cured meats. Cigarette smoke contains high levels of nitrite. 

BOMBS, SMOKE, CONTAINING CORROSIVE LIQUID, NON-EXPLOSIVES 2028 ... 

False. When someone smokes tobacco, the air becomes contaminated with tobacco smoke over a wide area. This can be particularly thick when several people smoke in the same room. This smoke contains high levels of toxic chemicals and can lead even in the non-smoker to all of the diseases associated with smoking. 

Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that induce the cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes 1A1,1A2, and 2E1. Theophylline is metabolized by 1A2 and 2E1, and therefore smoking leads to increased clearance and subsequently decreased plasma levels of the drug.15 Because most patients with COPD are current or past smokers, it is important to assess current tobacco use and adjust the theophylline dose as required based on altered plasma theophylline levels if tobacco use changes. 

Some of the most memorable scenes in a motion picture are the creation of special effects technicians. One standard tool in the entertainment industry to create ambience, simulate specific designs such as volcanoes or swamps, or accentuate optical effects is fog production. (In the theatrical sense, the terms fog and smoke are used interchangeably for mist consisting entirely of liquid droplets. In the chemical sense, fog refers to a liquid phase dispersed in a gas, while smoke contains solid particulate matter dispersed in a gas.) There are a variety of approaches to creating artificial fog or smoke. 

HARTZELL ET AL. Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride... 

Hartzell, G.E. Grand, A.F. Switzer, W.G. "Modeling of Toxicological Effects of Fire Gases VI. Further Studies on the Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride," J. Fire Sciences 1987, 5(6), 368-391. 

With so many other toxicants present in fire smoke there must be some which reduce the toxicity of HCN. Similar findings were also found for cynomolgus monkeys exposed to smoke containing HCN vs. HCN alone (14). 

The fact that the main direct cause of death in fires has always been the toxicity of combustion products was already discussed in the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Quarterly in 1933 [34]. Smoke contains mainly two types of toxic gases asphyxiants and irritants, but the individual toxic gas associated with the largest fire hazard is carbon monoxide (CO). 

Inhalation route via cervical trachea ewes, 3-4 years old exposed to smoke containing high (but unknown) concentrations of acrolein for 20 min killed Within 24 h of exposure, there was total sloughing of cervical tracheal epithelium and a 35% reduction in tracheal basal cells trachea was normal 18-22 days after exposure 13... 

A number of studies of the toxicity of zinc oxide/hexachloroethane smoke have been conducted (Brown et al. 1990 Karlsson et al. 1986 Marrs et al. 1983). These studies demonstrate that smoke exposure results in pulmonary inflammation and irritation. When male Porton Wistar rats were exposed to hexachloroethane/zinc oxide smoke for 60 minutes, the lungs showed pulmonary edema, alveolitis, and areas of macrophage infiltration 3 days later. At 14 days, there was interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. At 28 days, increased fibrosis and macrophage infiltration were noted. However, these same symptoms occurred when the animals inhaled zinc chloride there was no apparent synergism between the zinc chloride and residual hexachloroethane (Brown et al. 1990 Richard et al. 1989). This is consistent with the fact that smoke contains little hexachloroethane and the observation that acute exposure to 260 ppm hexachloroethane had no effects on the lungs of rats (Weeks et al. 1979). 

Worked Example 9.9 A spectrum of pipe smoke contains a band at 2180 cm-1, which is attributable to carbon monoxide. What is the force constant k for the C=0 bond ... 

Studies in animals show that mirex can be taken into your bloodstream when you breathe in cigarette smoke containing mirex or eat food contaminated with mirex. We do not know if mirex can pass through your skin and enter your body after you touch it. Mirex passes from the stomach and intestines of animals into their blood. We do not know how much passes from the stomach and intestines of people into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, mirex is carried to many parts of the body where it is stored, mainly in fat. Mirex is not broken down in the body. Mirex that is not stored leaves the body unchanged mainly in the faces. Very little leaves the body in the urine. Most of the mirex that is swallowed leaves the body in feces within two days. However, the mirex that enters the bloodstream and is stored in fat leaves the body very slowly. This process can take from several weeks to months. Mirex can also enter breast milk from the bloodstream of nursing mothers who have been exposed. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on this subject. 

Data concerning concentrations of phenol in ambient air are insufficient to estimate the potential for exposure by inhalation. However, it is known that the smoke of 1 nonfilter cigarette contains 60-140 g phenol, while levels of phenol range from 19-35 g in the smoke of filter-tipped cigarettes, and from 24-107 g in the smoke of cigars (IARC 1986 NCI 1998). Indoor environments polluted with tobacco smoke contain measurable amounts of phenol (Guerin et al. 1982). 

One of the major toxicity issues in cannabis consumption relates to the fact that it is most often smoked. Cannabis and tobacco smoke, apart from having different psychoactive constituents, are actually very similar in their composition (Hoffman et ai. 1975). Cannabis smoke is mutagenic, which gives it carcinogenic potential (Nahas and Latour 1992). Although no specific reports of lung cancer or emphysema from cannabis smoke exist, it is at least as harmful as tobacco smoke, containing three times as much tar and five times as much carbon monoxide (Wu et al. 1988). Cannabis smoke inflames the airways and reduces respiratory capacity. Airway obstruction and squamous metaplasias may also occur. 

Over 90% of students at Aga Khan University had smoked waterpipes, but most did not realize that the smoke contained tobacco (Anjum et al. 2008). 

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