Of smoke containing hydrogen chloride

HARTZELL ET AL. Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride... 

Hartzell, G.E. Grand, A.F. Switzer, W.G. "Modeling of Toxicological Effects of Fire Gases VI. Further Studies on the Toxicity of Smoke Containing Hydrogen Chloride," J. Fire Sciences 1987, 5(6), 368-391. 

Modelling of toxicological effects of fire gases. VI. Further studies on the toxicity of smoke-containing hydrogen chloride. J. Fire Sci. 5(6) 368-91. 

Hartzell, G.E. et al. (1990) Toxicity of smoke containing hydrogen chloride,... 

Thus, AP is a valuable oxidizer for formulating smokeless propellants or smokeless gas generators. However, since the combustion products of AP composite propellants contain a relatively high concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCI), white smoke is generated when they are expelled from an exhaust nozzle into a humid atmosphere. When the HCI molecules diffuse into the air and collide with H2O molecules therein, an acid mist is formed which gives rise to visible white smoke. Typical examples are AP composite propellants used in rocket motors. Based on experimental observations, white smoke is formed when the relative humidity exceeds about 40 %. Thus, AP composite propellants without any metal particles are termed reduced-smoke propellants. On the other hand, a white smoke trail is always seen from the exhaust of a rocket projectile assisted by an aluminized AP composite propellant under any atmospheric conditions. Thus, aluminized AP composite propellants are termed smoke propellants. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Under combustion hydrogen chloride, oxides of carbon and nitrogen, smoke, fumes HMIS Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Keep container closed Hydropalat 44 [Cognis/Polymer, Coatings Inks]... 

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