Respiratory capacity

Deng BQ, Lu LC, Wang DQ (1990) The estimation of the microbial respiratory capacity and carbon balance of the soils in the forest ecosystem of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. Tropical and Subtropical Forest Ecosystem 6 41-46 (in Chinese with English abstract)... 

One of the major toxicity issues in cannabis consumption relates to the fact that it is most often smoked. Cannabis and tobacco smoke, apart from having different psychoactive constituents, are actually very similar in their composition (Hoffman et ai. 1975). Cannabis smoke is mutagenic, which gives it carcinogenic potential (Nahas and Latour 1992). Although no specific reports of lung cancer or emphysema from cannabis smoke exist, it is at least as harmful as tobacco smoke, containing three times as much tar and five times as much carbon monoxide (Wu et al. 1988). Cannabis smoke inflames the airways and reduces respiratory capacity. Airway obstruction and squamous metaplasias may also occur. 

The lungs are important for the excretion of volatile drugs. As a result of reduced respiratory capacity (Figure 60-1) and the increased incidence of active pulmonary disease in the elderly, the use of inhalation anesthesia is less common and parenteral agents more common in this age group. (See Chapter 25.)... 

As we emphasized above, the aerobic metabolic potential of muscle depends upon the integrated activities of several metabolic pathways (unlike the single pathway of glycolysis that is used in anaerobic work). So it is to be expected and is indeed observed (Holloszy and Booth, 1976) that increased respiratory capacity of muscle depends upon elevated activities of enzymes ... 

Gollnick, P.D., Bertocci, L.A., Kelso, T.B. et al. (1990). The effect of high intensity exercise on the respiratory capacity of skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 415 407-13. 

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with respiratory acidosis or those with severe loss of respiratory capacity, and in patients with diabetes mellitus. They are contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease or insufficiency, reduced serum concentrations of sodium or potassium, adrenocortical insufficiency, hyperchloremic acidosis, or severe renal disease or dysfunction. They should also be avoided in patients taking salicylates. 

In the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in 23 patients with single doses up to 200 micrograms/kg respiratory capacity was evaluated there was a transient but significant fall in vital capacity some 24—30 hours after administration, apparently due to bronchodilatation (30). Frank dyspnea occurred in 2% of cases in the study cited... 

Low-alcohol wines are affected by flor and a bloom develops on the wine s surface that is in contact with air. This bloom consists of a strain of yeast (Candida mycoderma) with a high respiratory capacity, but practically no fermentation activity, so it does not affect sugars. The main transformation caused by Candida mycoderma is the oxidation of ethanol into ethanal. This reaction may continue until the ethanol has... 

The next step is to look at the rank of the stoichiometric matrix. Rank deficiency means biologicaUy speaking that the organism has additional degrees of freedom to adjust metabolic pathways. As a possible control goal maximization of the specific growth rate has been proposed. The idea was fint formulated for yeast, where ethanol formation occurs only, if maximum respiratory capacity is reached but glucose uptake still possible. 

This model is chosen to influence the movement of fluid, sirch as lyrrph or blood, to improve respiratory capacity, or to reduce the work of breathing. Techniques may be directed to the thorax, diaphragm, ribs, and spine. This model is useful in the treatmerrt of cardiac and respiratory problerrts or the removal of edema fluid. 

Cardiac and respiratory conditions most likely will benefit from this form of treatment However, care must be taken to develop interventions that facilitate improvement without compromising other considerations. Thoracic pumping may increase respiratory capacity and fluid dynamics, but to one experiencing the sensation of extreme chest pressure, the benefits may be outweighed by the psychological considerations. As in all cases of manipulative or other interventions, decisions are best developed when a diagnosis is made and indications and contraindications are evaluated. 

Yeast respiratory capacity is put to good use in enology for the production of flor wines. In this case, yeasts oxidize ethanol into aldehyde in dry wines. Oxidative yeasts can also develop during winemaking they oxidize ethanol into carbon dioxide and are considered to be spoilage yeasts. 

Larsson, G., and S. O. Enfors (1985). Influence of oxygen starvation on the respiratory capacity of Penicillium chrysogenum, AppL Microbiol. BiotechnoL, 21, 228-233. 

Conductimetiic determinatioii of carbon dioxide. Povolny Milan. Ustav Vedeckottch. Inform. MZLVH, Kostlinna FJrrofia 8, 781- 92 1962). The construction and operation of a novel app. for the conductimetric detn. of COi, after absorption in 0.1 A Ba(OH)=, is described. CO- can be detd. continuously without interferences from atm. CO-. The change of the resistance of the absorption soln. with temp, at 15-30° was detd. The app. is j suitable for the detn. of CO- in soil (respiratory capacity), the respiration of seeds and bulbs, and detn. of COt in stored fruit. 

Fig. 6. Recovery of respiratory capacity in a nongrowth medium at 28 C. Cells grown for 3-4 generations at 18 C on 2% galactose were harvested, washed with distilled water, and aerated at 28 C at the same cell density prior to harvesting in medium containing 50 mM KPO4 (pH 7.4), 1% ethanol, 0.1% glucose, 10 Mg/ml histidine, and 20 Mg/ml tryptophan. Aliquots were removed at various times for respiratory measurements. During adaptation, cells were supplemented to 0.2% glucose every 2 h. (From Butow et al )...

Because of the known action of taxol, Manzano et al. [137] initiated state 3 respiration in isolated mitochondria by the addition of 0.8 mM ADP together with one specific substrate of each respiratory chain complex. These were 10 mM pyruvate (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, complex I), 1 mM succinate (succinate dehydrogenase, complex II) or 0.2 mM ascorbate and 10 pM tetramethyl-/7-phenylenediamine (cytochrome oxidase). The addition of taxol strongly reduced the respiratory capacity of complex I and complex II by 58% and 45%, respectively, without affecting cytochrome oxidase. Thus, they found a direct effect on respiratory metabolism. This is presumably because the change to mitochondrial bcl protein in the intermembrane space caused the release of cytochrome c [138] and can lead to the apoptotic cascade (see Section 5,2.2). 

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