Pipe smoking

Worked Example 9.9 A spectrum of pipe smoke contains a band at 2180 cm-1, which is attributable to carbon monoxide. What is the force constant k for the C=0 bond ... 

NT148 Cerna, M. and K. J. Angelis. Mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay of tobacco condensates formed during pipe smoking. Mutat Res 1985 143(3) 161-164. 

Nonmedical pipe smoking, chewing, and snuff were initially limited to sailors who had adopted the Native American habit but spread rapidly from Europe to Africa and Asia in the early 16th century. At the same time, there was strong condemnation of tobacco use on both health and social grounds. Popes and kings banned its use, perhaps slowing its spread as its popularity increased. 

The latex obtained by incision of the unripe seed capsule of the poppy, Papaver somniferum, and known as opium is the source of several pharmacologically important alkaloids. Dioskurides, in about a.d. 77, referred to both the latex (opos) and a total plant extract (mekonion) and to the use of oral and inhaled (pipe-smoked) opium to induce a state of euphoria and sedation. Since before the Christian era the therapeutic properties of opium were evident, with the first written reference to poppy juice being by Theophrastus in the third century b.c. 

Inhaled by smoking (cigarettes) nicotine in cigar or pipe smoke mainly absorbed across membranes of the mouth and upper respiratory tract may be absorbed through membranes of the mouth (chewing tobacco) and nose (snuff) and through the skin Oral inhalation the three injection routes through the skin... 

Cigarette main Cigarette sides Ci garette Cigar smoke Pipe smoke... 

Hazelton, W. D., Luebeck, E. G., Heidenreich, W. F., and Moolgavkar, S. H. (2001). Analysis of a historical cohort of Chinese tin miners with arsenic, radon, cigarette smoke, and pipe smoke exposures using the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model. Radiat Res 156, 78-94. 

The introduction of tobacco for pipe smoking by Sir Walter Raleigh introduced the British population to the pleasures of tobacco smoking, which has remained although nowadays cigarettes and... 

Boyland et al. (15A01) discussed the possibility of the presence of NNAs in tobacco smoke, particularly in the acidic environment of the cigarette smoke (pH < 6.7) as opposed to the alkaline environment (pH > 7.0) of cigar and pipe smoke. Boyland et al. (422,423) suggested that it was possible, because of the formation of NNAs by the reaction of NO with secondary amines, that cigarette MSS could contain NAB and NNN because of the presence in tobacco MSS of nomicotine and anabasine. They reported that NAB, when administered orally to rats, produced numerous esophageal tumors in the treated animals. 

Gilbert, J.A.S. and A.J. Lindsey Polycychc hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke Pipe smoking experiments Brit. J. 

Harbin, B.A. and A.H. Laurene Pipe smoke analysis Acrolein, acetaldehyde, acetone, hydrogen cyanide, oxides of nitrogen, nicotine, and total sohds RDR, 1966, No. 6, March 9, see www.ijrtdocs.com 500966794 -6828. 

Miller, J.E. Bestimmung von Komponenten im Rauch von Pfeifentabak mit Hilfe einer neuen Pfeifenabrauchmaschine [Determination of the components in the smoke from pipe tobacco by means of a new pipe-smoking machine] Beitr. Tabakforsch. 1 (1962) 299-304. 

It should be noted that the deleterious health effects that result from tobacco use are independent of the form in which the tobacco is used. Thus cigarette smoking, cigar smoking, pipe smoking, chewing tobacco, and snuff inhalation have been shown to produce many of the same adverse health outcomes in people [56, 57]. 

Kershbaum A, Bellet S (1968) Cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking. Geriatrics 23 126... 

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