Signalling systems

All detection systems require some t) e of human intervention. Common surveillance systems include local, remote station, proprietary and central station signaling. The local system is basically the water motor gong or local electric bell. These will ring at the riser with retransmission to other parts of the facility. It is a crude surveillance system for a semiconductor facility but it is a necessary part of every sprinkler system. 

Remote Station. Remote station signaling is not as common today as it once was. With the new technology in central station and proprietary systems, there is little need for this type of signaling. The theory behind this system is that it is supervision provided by a third party without the certification or listing of that third party. An extensive review of equipment and services is needed before it should be considered satisfactory supervision. 

Auxiliary Signaling. Auxiliary signaling is the provision of alarms by the municipality. A municipal alarm cable will connect the water flow at a facility and the local fire or police department. These alarms are seldom used as stand-alone supervisory alarm systems, but some municipalities still require industry to tie into their existing systems. 

Central Station. The central station supervisory system has been the norm in the semiconductor industry. The size of the semiconductor facility warrants the reliability that comes with this level of protection. Equipment is specifically listed for this type of service. Signals from the devices are sent to a remote location approved by Factory Mutual or listed by Underwriters Laboratory. Upon receipt of a fire signal, a central station must alert the fire department. 

The two most important items in buying or reviewing eentral station supervision are the contract and the central station certifieate. The contract will allow a user to see the services provided and that these services meet his current requirements. The certificate is assurance that the installation and services provided meets the criteria outlined in NFPA 71 at the time the system was installed. A certified central station could be inspected by Underwriters Laboratory since 10% of the installations are inspected annually. This is to ensure that central stations are doing their job. When these certificates were first introduced, some central stations were asking for a considerable fee for the difference in the installation. This bewildered the people at Underwriters Laboratory since there was a very nominal cost involved with issuing the certificate. The installations should have already conformed with the current NFPA codes. There seemed to be no justification for the cost. Today, more central station offices provide the certificate service and this type of service is performing well for all types of industry. 

---

Leukotrienes and Prostanoids. Arachidonic acid (AA) (213) and its metabohtes are iavolved ia cellular regulatory processes ia all three principal chemical signaling systems endocrine (see Hormones), immune, and neuronal (62). FoUowiag receptor activation or iacreased iatraceUular... 

Uses. Tballium compounds have limited use in industrial appHcations. The use of thaHous sulfate in rodenticides and insecticides has been replaced by other compounds less harmful to animals (see Insect control technology Pesticides). Tb allium sulfide has been used in photoelectric cells (see Photovoltaic cells). A thallium bromide—thallium iodide mixture is used to transmit infrared radiation for signal systems. ThaHous oxide is used in the manufacture of glass (qv) that has a high coefficient of refraction. Tb allium formate—malonate aqueous solutions (Cletici s solution) have been used in mineral separations. Many thallium compounds have been used as reagents in organic synthesis in researchlaboratoti.es. 

Standard for gauging flammability. The most common systems for designating flammability are the Department of Transportation (DOT) definitions, the National Fire Protection Association s (NFPA) system, and the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act s (RCRA) definition of ignitable wastes, all of which use flashpoint in their schemes. The NFPA diamond, which comprises the backbone of the NFPA Hazard Signal System, uses a four-quadrant diamond to display the... 

Although unknown at the time, some of the earliest uses of fire represented a binary signaling system that was even used during the American Revolution. On the evening of April 18, 1775, Joseph Warren sent for Paul Revere and instructed him to ride from... 

The alarm and telephone companies provide a comprehensive range of facilities for the transmission and receipt of alarm signals. The choice of signaling system will be determined by the security risk. 

The general arrangement of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 12.26. In recent years both the powder and wire processes have been automated for large projects. Mechanisation allows the use of large nozzles of special contours and the replacement of pneumatic drives by electric motors. Controls are usually from consoles by pneumatic or electronic signal systems. 

Withers DJ, White M (2000) Perspective the insulin signaling system - a common link in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 141 1917-1921... 

HT3 receptor. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor a receptor for serotonin (a neurotransmitter), which activates a variety of second messenger signaling systems and through them indirectly regulates the function of ion channels. 

Bootman M, NiggU E, Berridge M, Lipp P (1997) Imaging the hierarchical Ca signalling system in HeLa ceUs. J Physiol 499(Pt 2) 307-314... 

McMahon We can play around with the IGF signalling system and get a smaller skeleton that way. We can also get a small skeleton by manipulating the Hedgehog signalling system. What isn t known is how those two systems talk to one another. I think it is an excellent system to study. If you want to pick a mammalian system, you want to have it such that the arrangement is easy to determine. It is a very stereotypical arrangement of growth and cell movements. 

Novel external/internal sensing and signalling systems, often based on calcium gradients,... 

Linking the macrocyclic receptor l,7-diaza-15-crown-5 to the fluorophore 7-nitrobenzofurazane leads to the Hg(ll) selective fluorescence probe NBO-crown <1997JFL231S>. The cryptand was functionalized with an electron-withdrawing fluorophore (NBD) which behaves as a fluorescence on/off signaling system by translocating Cd(ll) inside and outside the cryptand cavity <2004IC4626>. 

Zahniser, N. R. and Doolen, S. Chronic and acute regulation of Na+/Cl"-dependent neurotransmitter transporters drugs, substrates, presynaptic receptors, and signaling systems. Pharmacol. Ther. 92 21-55, 2001. 

Blumer, J. B. and Lanier, S. M. Accessory proteins for G protein-signaling systems activators of G protein signaling and other nonreceptor proteins influencing the activation state of G proteins. Receptors Channels 9 195-204, 2003. 

---