Insulin-like signaling system

In summary, the participation of the GPI/IPG system in cell activation by insulin is supported by the following evidences First, insulin induces tlie hydrolysis of GPI and the release of IPG second, impaired GPI metabolism or treatment with anti-IPG antibodies neutralize insulin actions and, third, natural and synthetic IPG have insulin-like activity. Several other diffusible factors activate GPI hydrolysis with the concomitant release of IPG. The next question is at which points IPG second messengers cross talk with the established signal transduction pathways. 

Caroni, P. and Schneider, C. (1992) Activity-sensitive signalling by insulin-like growth factors in the developing and regenerating neuromuscular system. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 18 1095. 

There are thousands of sets of signal proteins, like insulin and its receptor. These systems of paired protein-control molecules and their receptors have evolved over millions of years and provide the very precise orchestration of thousands of different chemical reactions that are required to keep our bodies alive and working. Although illness that develops because of a failure in these systems may seem like a terrible betrayal of how things should work, the fact that so many complex systems in so many... 

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