Object-oriented model

ASCEND. This framework is by Westerberg and coworkers (Ref. 295) at Carnegie-Mellon University. It features an object-oriented modeling language and is well suited for constructing complex models. 

As stated on the OMG (Object Management) website (http //www.omg. org/), a lack of data standards results in data conversions, loss of information, lack of interoperability, etc. Current standards du jour are XML (Extensible Markup Language) [17], LSID (Life Sciences Identifiers), and now the RDF (Resource Description Framework) from the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), which is extensible though hard to implement. Substantial work on OO (Object Oriented) modeling of life science data types takes place at the OMG s LSR (Life Sciences Research) group—this is discussed below. 

Cook94] Cook, S., and J. Daniels. 1994. Designing Object Systems Object-Oriented Modeling with Syntrophy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall. 

Selic94] Selic, B., et al. 1994. Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling. New York John Wiley and Sons. 

Rumbough, J., et al.1990. Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Prentice Hall. Schwaber, K., and Beedle, M. 2001. Agile Software Development with SCRUM, First Edition. Prentice Hall. 

It is assumed that before we start OF-FMEA an adequate environment to support the work has been set up. Part of this environment is object-oriented models of the system of interest. Of particular interest are two categories of models ... 

Object Relational Database. A relational database in which data can be collected and combined with methods to fit an object oriented model. Searching in the database is conducted in the context of the objects and their methods, rather than the raw data fields and stored procedures. There is usually considerable overhead in building, maintaining, and using an object relational database, so this type of organization has not so far been widely used in chemical or biological databases. 

Andersson, M., An object-oriented modeling environment. In Simulation Methodologies, Languages and Architectures and AI and Graphics for Simulation (lazeolla et al eds.), 1989 European Simulation Multiconference, Rome, pp. 77-82. The Society for Computer Simulation International, 1989. 

Nilsson, B., Object-oriented modeling of chemical processes. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology (1993). 

Domain-specific knowledge is formalized by a process model definition (cf. Sect. 2.4) which constrains the process model instances to be maintained at project runtime. As a consequence, the manager may compose task nets from predefined types and relationships. The process model definition is represented in the Unified Modeling Language UML [560]), a wide-spread standard notation for object-oriented modeling. A process model is defined on the type level by a class diagram which has been adapted to the underlying process meta model for dynamic task nets [388, 389]. 

Adaptability. Both the structure of management configurations and the operations to manipulate them can be adapted by means of a domain-specific object-oriented model based on the UML [560]. 

Like in object-oriented modeling, we distinguish between a structural model (defined by class and object diagrams) and a behavioral model (defined by state and collaboration diagrams). Accordingly, a process instance is structurally (behaviorally) consistent if it satisfies the constraints of the structural (behavioral) model. 

Cohen, G. The Virtual Design Team An Object-Oriented Model of Information Sharing in Project Teams. PhD thesis, Stanford University (1992)... 

Note that an object oriented modelling approach is well suited for the EO... 

Object-oriented enterprise modeling starts with analyzing the entities of the real world. In the object-oriented model, these entities will be described through objects. The object data (attributes) represent characteristics of the real system and are accessible only by means of object methods. By their definition, attributes and methods objects are entirely determined. Objects that share the same characteristics are instances of the respective object class. Classes can be specialized to subclasses as well as generated to superclasses. This is called inheritance—each subclass will inherit the attributes and methods from its superclass. 

Object-oriented modeling is not based on a standardized method. Rather, a number of authors have developed similar or complementary approaches. The various graphical symbols they use for their approaches make comparisons difficult. The Unified Modeling Language (UML), introduced by... 

Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W, Eddy, F., and Lorensen, W. et al. (1991), Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice-HaU, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 

Object-oriented database management systems design (OODBMS), 122-124 Object-oriented database models, 122-124 Object-oriented databases (OODBs), 82-83 Object-oriented data models (OODMs), 82, 121 Object-oriented enterprise modeling, 291-293 Object-oriented modeling methods, 507 Object-oriented programming (OOP), 71, 1328... 

The description methods used for defining the information structure, veilidation, and test methods as well as implementation methods ate standardized. The object-oriented modeling language EXPRESS as wen as its graphical form EXPRESS-G are implemented for the presentation of the information structures (Scholz-Reiter 1991). Validation and test methods define the specifications with which the STEP processors are examined. The following elements are included in partial models of the generic resources ... 

In contrast to the relational case, there is no widespread agreement on which integrity constraints are an intrinsic part of an object-oriented model, but one of the most often used stipulates how many objects of each of the elasses related by some relationship type can participate in relationship instances. For binary relationships (which are the most commonly used), there are three possibilities, viz., one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. 

Because an object-oriented model brings together structure and behavior, much of the functionality required by applications to interact with application objects can be modeled inside the database itself. Nevertheless, most object-oriented database systems provide application program interfaces that allow a programming language to retrieve and manipulate objects. 

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