External data

Note that in this example the data set and variable names are in italics and are enclosed in angle brackets (< >). Also note that there may be external data (from the laboratory,... 

Reading External Data Files Using SAS Examples Handbook... 

Through the use of an RS 232C interface, both instruments may be connected to Perkin-Elmer computers for instrument control and external data manipulation. 

The first QSPR models for skin tried to establish linear relationships between the descriptors and the permeability coefficient. In many cases validation of these models using, for example, external data sets was not performed. Authors of more recent models took advantage of the progress in statistical methods and used nonlinear relationships between descriptors and predicted permeability and often tried to assess their predictive quality using some validation method. 

Later on, the authors tested the models (17) and (19) using an external data set including five molecules from the test set of Calder and Ganellin and two SKF compounds from SmithKline Beecham. With the exception of two molecules, both the models displayed good overall predictivity. Finally, they predicted seven additional compounds from the model (19) and obtained good statistics again. 

Zhao and coworkers [53] also constructed a linear model using the Abraham descriptors. The MLR model possesses good correlation and predictability for external data sets. In this equation, E is an excess molar refraction (cm3/mol/ 10.0) and S the dipolarity/polarizability, A and B are the hydrogen bond acidity and basicity, respectively, and V is the McGowan characteristic volume (cm3/ mol/100). The large coefficients of A and B indicate too polar molecules having poor absorption. 

As the trial is ongoing there is also an opportunity to change some of the planned methods of analysis for example, information that a particular covariate could be important or that a different kind of effect could be seen in a certain subgroup may have become available based on external data from a similar trial that has now completed and reported. Such changes can be incorporated by modifying the SAP and if they represent major changes to the analysis, for example if they were associated with the analysis of the primary endpoint, then a protocol amendment would need to be issued. The reason for this, as mentioned earlier, is that only methods specified in the protocol can be viewed as confirmatory. 

The cure for dream psychosis is awakening. As soon as REM terminates, the serotonin system escapes from inhibition and modulates the visual system in favor of the undistorted processing of external data. As the LSD effects wore off, Hofmann slept deeply, thereby restoring the efficacy of his own serotonin neuromodulatory system. Too bad we couldn t have recorded that first recovery night to detect Hofmann s REM, measure it, decide if it was more or less intense, and even perform an awakening or two to sample his post-LSD dreams. 

In summary, pharmacophore model validation is the building of a body of evidence by first relying on validation methods adapted to the search algorithm (and its limitations) and second by resorting to approaches that will incorporate external data and therefore account for some inherent imperfections of the dataset. The first section of this chapter will report some of the most used validation methods and which are related to one or both of these aspects. 

External Data to Back Up a Pharmacophore Model 15.2.4.1 Biophysical Data... 

Select Get external data from File menu. 

To validate the model presented by Equation 12.4, the 214 compounds included in equation (12.3) were used. For this second validation the model between observed and predicted toxicity showed r2 = 0.886, s = 0.379, and a slope of 1.091 ( 0.027). Because both the intercepts were very close to one, it may be assumed that both the models are capable of predicting correctly the toxicity of new compounds with descriptors within the defined ranges. It can be noted that Equation 12.3 performs a little better than Equation 12.4 because of the higher R2, lower s, and slope that is closer to 1 in the statistical fit between the observed and predicted toxicity. To take advantage of the availability of data for larger number of compounds, the model presented by Equation 12.5 was developed. The slopes of the regression line between the observed toxicity values and those calculated by Equation 12.5 for both the subsets (n = 174 and n = 214) were 0.959 ( 0.017) and 1.036 ( 0.024), respectively. Because this is not a real validation with external data sets, the validity of the latter model needs to be additionally demonstrated. 

The fulfilment of this condition is termed as one of the thermodynamic consistency conditions. But, doing so requires the use of external information to the theory that cannot be used in a predictive manner. Of course, obtaining a full thermodynamic consistency without resorting to any external data is the practical purpose of self-consistent IETs. 

The code has five external data libraries. The operation of all the code system units is well adjusted, the code system has been verified. 

Thermal Stability of the Tomb. The self-contained hygrothermograph was left in the tomb of Nefertari in February 1981 for 1 year (34). The temperature and humidity data for the 1-year period were correlated (Figures 5 and 6) with external data taken near the Nile River at Karnak (Figure 4). The Nile River data were obtained in 1981 by M. C. Traunecker, a research chemist with the Franco-Egyptian Centre for Studies of the Temples at Karnak. 

The UniProt KB is an automatically and manually annotated protein database drawn from translation of DDBJ/EMBL-Bank/GenBank coding sequences and directly sequenced proteins. Each sequence receives a imique, stable identifier allowing unambiguous identification of any protein across datasets. The KB also provides cross-references to external data collections such as the underlying DNA sequence entries in the DDBJ/EMBL-Bank/GenBank nucleotide sequence databases, 2D PAGE and 3D protein structure databases, various protein domain... 

However, a particular position might carry more internal value in your organization than it does in the external marketplace. Then you must define an appropriate person-based compensation level. Therefore, typically some level of internal alignment is used in conjunction with external data to benchmark a position. Benchmark positions are those positions that are easily identified in competitive market salary surveys and are consistently defined by a variety of organizations, which means that most organizations can agree on the job s scope of responsibility and organizational importance. 

Are contingency plans in place to manage critical processes and maintain data integrity in the event of a failure External Data Management Organizations... 

In contrast to one-way coupling or lagged two-way coupling, the information for the next time step is not available in two-way coupling. This makes impossible to forward-extrapolate the external data, e.g. meteorological fields, in time. Instead, they have to be assumed to be constant over the coupling interval. 

---