Alcohol intake

Brand-Herrmann SM, Kuznetsova T, Wiechert A et al (2005) European Project on Genes in Hypertension Investigators. Alcohol intake modulates the genetic association between HDL cholesterol and the PPARgamma2 Pro 12Ala polymorphism. J Lipid Res 46 913-919... 

Amit Z, Brown Z, Sutherland A, et al Reduction in alcohol intake in humans as a function of treatment with zimelidine implications for rrearment, in Research Advances in New Psychopharmacological Treatments for Alcoholism. Edired by Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Amsrerdam, Elsevier, 1985 Angelone SM, Bellini L, Di Bella D, er al Effects of fluvoxamine and citalopram in maintaining abstinence in a sample of Italian detoxified alcoholics. Alcohol Alcohol 33 151-156, 1998... 

Balldin J, Berggren U, Engel J, et al Effect of citalopram on alcohol intake in heavy drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18 1133-1136, 1994... 

Myers RD, Melchior CL Differential actions on voluntary alcohol intake of tetra-hydroisoquinolines or a beta-carboline infused chronically in the ventricle of the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 7 381-392, 1977 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM Clinical assessment and pharmacotherapy of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, in Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol 4. Edited hy Galanter M. New York, Plenum, 1986... 

Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Chater K, et al Non-pharmacological interventions in acute alcohol withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol Ther 34 214—219, 1983 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Roach CA, et al Zimelidine-induced variations in alcohol intake hy nondeptessed heavy drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 35 374-381, 1984 Naranjo CA, Sellers EM, Sullivan ]T, et al The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram attenuates ethanol intake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41 266-274, 1987 Naranjo CA, Sullivan ]T, Kadlec KE, et al Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 301 -309,1989 Naranjo CA, Kadlec KE, Sanhueza P, et al Fluoxetine differentially alters alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors in problem drinkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 47 490 98, 1990... 

Naranjo CA, Bremner KE, Lanctot KL Effects of citalopram and a brief psychosocial intervention on alcohol intake, dependence, and problems. Addiction 90 87-99, 1995... 

Paokolainen K Effectiveness of brief interventions to reduce alcohol intake in primary health care populations a meta-analysis. Prevent Med 28 503-509, 1999... 

Another common liver disease, alcoholic liver damage produced by moderate to heavy alcoholic intake, is also reflected by an elevation of the serum GOT and GPT activities. The serim glutamyl transferase activity is reported to be a sensitive index of alcoholic intake and can serve to monitor persons on alcoholic withdrawal programs (60). The LD-5 isoenzyme arises mainly from liver tissue, but has a short half-life (61), which is about 1/5 and 1/2 of the half life of the transaminases, GPT and GOT respectively. Some authors consider that a normal LD-5 isoenzyme activity in a jaundiced patient is sufficient evidence to exclude primary liver disease and that obstruction is probably responsible for the jaundice (62). In hemolytic jaundice the LDH-1 and 2 isoenzymes are elevated. 

Review the patient s lifestyle habits including salt and alcohol intake, tobacco product use, and exercise routine. 

Outline the progression of liver damage from excessive alcohol intake. 

Progression of alcoholic liver disease moves through several distinct phases from development of fatty liver to the development of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis may be reversible with cessation of alcohol intake, but cirrhosis itself is irreversible. Although the scarring of cirrhosis is permanent, maintaining abstinence from alcohol can still decrease complications and slow development to end-stage liver disease.22 Continuing to imbibe speeds the advancement of liver dysfunction and its complications. 

Obtain a complete history of alcohol intake and hepato-toxic drug use, including over-the-counter products and dietary supplements. 

At each encounter, ask the patient specific questions about adherence to prescribed therapy, dietary restrictions and cessation of alcohol intake. 

No tobacco use, "social" alcohol intake (1 to 2 glasses of wine on weekends), drinks 3 to 4 caffeinated beverages per day... 

Counsel all women of childbearing potential regarding lifestyle modifications that may improve pregnancy outcome. These include healthy eating habits, multivitamin use, cessation of tobacco use, cessation of illicit substance use, and moderation of alcohol intake.15... 

Lifestyle modifications should always be addressed in the management of ED. A healthy diet, increase in regular physical activity, and weight loss are associated with higher IIED scores and an improvement in erectile function.12 The clinician should recommend smoking cessation, reduction in excessive alcohol intake, and discontinuation of the use of illicit drugs. 

Patients should avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake. Patients with SCD should maintain adequate hydration and should be educated to avoid extreme temperature changes... 

Educate the patient on lifestyle modifications that may lessen complications. These include maintaining adequate hydration status, avoiding extreme temperature changes, dressing appropriately for hot or cold weather, and avoiding physical exertion, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake. 

Hernandez-Avila, M., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Rosner, B., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., Caffeine, moderate alcohol intake, and risk of fractures of the hip and forearm in middle-aged women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, 157, 1991. 

Each of the four studies discussed above (de Kort et al. 1987 Marino et al. 1989 Pollock and Ibels 1986 Weiss et al. 1986, 1988) involved cohorts of fewer than 100 subjects and failed to control for one or more possibly significant confounding factors, such as smoking and alcohol intake. 

A study of 398 male and 133 female civil servants in London, England, measured blood pressure, PbB, and serum creatinine concentration the study found no correlation between blood pressure and PbB after adjustment for significant covariates, including sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and body mass index in a stepwise multiple regression analysis (Staessen et al. 1990). 

Granjean P, Hollnagel H, Hedegaard L, et al. 1989. Blood lead-blood pressure relations Alcohol intake and hemoglobin as confounders. Am J Epidemiol 129 732-739. 

Fetal alcohol syndrome A congenital disorder arising from excessive (>50g per day) alcohol intake during pregnancy. 

Alcohol intake Induction of liver-metabolism during chronic alcohol intake... 

Henderson L, Gregory J and Irving K (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition Survey Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and alcohol intake. The Stationery Office, London. 

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