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Retinoic

Brent et al., 1989] Brent, G. A., Dunn, M. K., Harney, J. W., Gulick, T., and Larsen, P. R. Thyroid hormone aporeceptor represses Ta inducible promoters and blocks activity of the retinoic acid receptor. New Biol. 1 (1989) 329-336 [Cevc and Marsh, 1987] Cevc, G., and Marsh, D. Phospholipid Bilayers Physical Principles and Models. John Wiley Sons, New York, 1987. [Pg.61]

Retinal trans-Retinal [116-31-4] Retinaldehyde [116-31-4] Retinitis pigmentosa Retinoblastoma Retinoic acid... [Pg.851]

Table 16. Retinoic Acids, Vitamin D, and Type II Receptor Agonists and Antagonists... Table 16. Retinoic Acids, Vitamin D, and Type II Receptor Agonists and Antagonists...
Tretinoin, the - -trans isomer of retinoic acid [302-79-4] was shown in the 1960s to be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with abnormal epithehal differentiation. [Pg.427]

The stmcture of vitamin A [11103-57-4] and some of the important derivatives are shown in Figure 1. The parent stmcture is aH-Zra/ j -retinol [68-26-8] and its lUPAC name is (all-E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-l-cyclohexen-l-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-l-ol (1). The numbering system for vitamin A derivatives parallels the system used for the carotenoids. In older Hterature, vitamin A compounds are named as derivatives of trimethyl cyclohexene and the side chain is named as a substituent. For retinoic acid derivatives, the carboxyl group is denoted as C-1 and the trimethyl cyclohexane ring as a substituent on C-9. The stmctures of vitamin A and -carotene were elucidated by Karrer in 1930 and several derivatives of the vitamin were prepared by this group (5,6). In 1935, Wald isolated a substance found in the visual pigments of the eye and was able to show that this material was identical with Karrer s retinaldehyde [116-31-4] (5) (7). [Pg.95]

Because of the presence of an extended polyene chain, the chemical and physical properties of the retinoids and carotenoids are dominated by this feature. Vitamin A and related substances are yellow compounds which are unstable in the presence of oxygen and light. This decay can be accelerated by heat and trace metals. Retinol is stable to base but is subject to acid-cataly2ed dehydration in the presence of dilute acids to yield anhydrovitamin A [1224-18-8] (16). Retro-vitamin A [16729-22-9] (17) is obtained by treatment of retinol in the presence of concentrated hydrobromic acid. In the case of retinoic acid and retinal, reisomerization is possible after conversion to appropriate derivatives such as the acid chloride or the hydroquinone adduct. Table 1 Hsts the physical properties of -carotene [7235-40-7] and vitamin A. [Pg.96]

The specific role of vitamin A in tissue differentiation has been an active area of research. The current thinking, developed in 1979, involves initial dehvery of retinol by holo-B >V (retinol-binding protein) to the cell cytosol (66). Retinol is then ultimately oxidized to retinoic acid and binds to a specific cellular retinoid-binding protein and is transported to the nucleus. Retinoic acid is then transferred to a nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which enhances the expression of a specific region of the genome. Transcription occurs and new proteins appear during the retinoic acid-induced differentiation of cells (56). [Pg.103]

Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid). Retinol (vitamin A... [Pg.348]

Retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde). Retinoic acid (Vitamin A acid), Retinyl acetate, Retinyl palmitate see entries in Chapter 4. [Pg.564]

CPR can be used to find continuous paths for complex transitions that might have hundreds of saddle points and need to be described by thousands of path points. Examples of such transitions include the quaternary transition between the R and T states of hemoglobin [57] and the reorganization of the retinoic acid receptor upon substrate entry [58]. Because CPR yields the exact saddle points as part of the path, it can also be used in conjunction with nonnal mode analysis to estimate the vibrational entropy of activation... [Pg.217]

Figure 10.12 Response elements for heterodimers of the nuclear receptor for ds-retinoic acid (RXR) with the receptors for vitamin D (VDR), thyroid hormone (TR) and trans-retinoic acid (RAR). The half-sites of these response elements have identical nucleotide sequences and are organized as direct repeats. They differ in the number of base pairs in the spacer region between the half-sites. This difference forms the basis for the ability of the heterodimers to discriminate between the different response elements. Figure 10.12 Response elements for heterodimers of the nuclear receptor for ds-retinoic acid (RXR) with the receptors for vitamin D (VDR), thyroid hormone (TR) and trans-retinoic acid (RAR). The half-sites of these response elements have identical nucleotide sequences and are organized as direct repeats. They differ in the number of base pairs in the spacer region between the half-sites. This difference forms the basis for the ability of the heterodimers to discriminate between the different response elements.
Retinoids are needed for cellular differentiation and skin growth. Some retinoids even exert a prophylactic effect on preneoplastic and malignant skin lesions. Fenretlnide (54) is somewhat more selective and less toxic than retinyl acetate (vitamin A acetate) for this purpose. It is synthesized by reaction of all trans-retinoic acid (53), via its acid chloride, with g-aminophe-nol to give ester 54 (13). [Pg.7]

H. E. Ang, E. Deltour, T. E. Hayamizu, M. Zgombic-Knight and G. Duester, Retinoic acid synthesis in mouse embiyos during gasti ulation and craniofacial development linked to class IV alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression , /. Biol. Chem. 271 9526-9534(1996). [Pg.131]

H. M. M. Arafa, E. M. A. Hamada, M. M. A. Elzamai and H. Nau, Eully automated detemination of selective retinoic acid receptor ligands in mouse plasma and tissue by reversed-phase liquid chi omatography coupled on-line with solid-phase extraction , 7. Chromatogr. A 729 125-136 (1996). [Pg.295]

Common Name Vitamin A acid retinoic acid Structural Formula ... [Pg.1522]

Agents which enhance the host s response against neoplasias or force them to differentiate are termed biological response modifiers. Examples include interleukin 2 which is used to treat renal cell carcinoma, interferon a which is active against hematologic neoplasias, and tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) which is a powerful inducer of differentiation in certain leukemia cells by acting on retinoid receptors. Side effects include influenza like symptoms, changes in blood pressure and edema. [Pg.156]


See other pages where Retinoic is mentioned: [Pg.615]    [Pg.851]    [Pg.851]    [Pg.851]    [Pg.518]    [Pg.566]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.491]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.574]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.639]    [Pg.892]    [Pg.894]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.895]    [Pg.898]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.447 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.23 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.131 , Pg.366 , Pg.406 ]




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13-cis-Retinoic acids

13-cw-retinoic acid

4-Hydroxy-retinoic acid

4-Oxo-retinoic acid

9-c/s-retinoic acid

9-ds retinoic acid

9-ds-retinoic add

A-Retinoic acid

A\-trans retinoic acid

Action of Retinoids and Retinoic Acids

All /rans-retinoic acid

All trans-retinoic acid , and

All-frans-retinoic acid

All-trans-retinoic acid

All-trans-retinoic add

All-£ - retinoic acid

CRABP (cytoplasmic retinoic acid-binding

CRABP-1, Cellular retinoic acid binding

Cellular retinoic acid binding protein CRABP

Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins

Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins gene targeting

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein characteristics

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein levels

Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein tumors, experimental

Cheilitis retinoic acid

Cis-retinoic acid receptor

Conformational retinoic acid

Contact dermatitis retinoic acid

Cytochrome retinoic acid

Cytosolic retinoic acid binding protein

DACP analog of retinoic acid

DMECP analog of retinoic acid

Dermatitis retinoic acid

Embryonal carcinoma retinoic acid-induced differentiation

Epoxy-retinoic acid

Ethyl retinoate

Ethyl retinoate synthesis

Frans-retinoic acid

Frans-retinoic acid receptor

Gene expression retinoic acid

Genomic Actions of Retinoic Acid

Glucokinase retinoic acid

Glucuronic acid, conjugation with retinoic

Headache retinoic acid

Hormones retinoic acid

Human promyelocytic leukemia cell line retinoic acid

Insulin, pyruvate dehydrogenase retinoic acid

Isotretinoin [13-cis-retinoic acid

Metabolism of Retinoic Acid

Methyl retinoate

Methyl retinoate chromatography

Methyl retinoate mass spectrometry

Methyl retinoate oxidation

Methyl retinoate synthesis

Methyl retinoate via Julia coupling

Methyl retinoate, preparation

Nuclear retinoic acid receptors

Of retinoic acid

PEI-retinoate complex

Poly retinoate

Promyelocytic leukemia treatment with retinoic acid

Receptors retinoic acid receptor

Retinoate

Retinoic Acid (Tretinoin)

Retinoic Acid Receptor

Retinoic X receptor

Retinoic acid

Retinoic acid , circulating levels

Retinoic acid , response element (RARE

Retinoic acid 4-hydroxylation

Retinoic acid TMMP analog

Retinoic acid absorption

Retinoic acid absorption spectra

Retinoic acid active isomers

Retinoic acid amides

Retinoic acid analogues

Retinoic acid analogues synthesis

Retinoic acid and limb bud development

Retinoic acid atRA)

Retinoic acid binding protein

Retinoic acid bioassay systems

Retinoic acid biologic activity

Retinoic acid biological activity

Retinoic acid biological function

Retinoic acid biosynthesis

Retinoic acid cADP-ribose

Retinoic acid chemical determination

Retinoic acid chromatography

Retinoic acid conjugation

Retinoic acid cornea

Retinoic acid deficiency

Retinoic acid derivatives

Retinoic acid derivatives naming

Retinoic acid differentiation

Retinoic acid effect

Retinoic acid embryonic development

Retinoic acid enterohepatic circulation

Retinoic acid epoxidation

Retinoic acid epoxide

Retinoic acid ester

Retinoic acid esterification

Retinoic acid ethylamide

Retinoic acid fluorescence

Retinoic acid formation

Retinoic acid functions

Retinoic acid genomic actions

Retinoic acid genomic expression

Retinoic acid hydroxylase

Retinoic acid in development

Retinoic acid in growth regulation

Retinoic acid incubating with cells

Retinoic acid insulin secretion

Retinoic acid isomerization

Retinoic acid isomers

Retinoic acid ligand binding domains

Retinoic acid mass spectrometry

Retinoic acid metabolism

Retinoic acid metabolites

Retinoic acid methyl ester

Retinoic acid morphogenesis

Retinoic acid non-genomic actions

Retinoic acid nuclear receptor family

Retinoic acid occurrence

Retinoic acid oxidation

Retinoic acid peels

Retinoic acid plasma

Retinoic acid protein retinoylation

Retinoic acid quantification

Retinoic acid radiolabeling

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR

Retinoic acid receptor antagonist

Retinoic acid receptor bind response elements

Retinoic acid receptor binding domains

Retinoic acid receptor complexes

Retinoic acid receptor ligand binding domain

Retinoic acid receptor ligands

Retinoic acid receptor response elements

Retinoic acid receptor response elements RARE)

Retinoic acid receptor transcriptional corepressor

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan

Retinoic acid receptors demonstration

Retinoic acid receptors functions

Retinoic acid receptors regulation

Retinoic acid recovery from plasma

Retinoic acid response element

Retinoic acid retinoids

Retinoic acid retinol conversion

Retinoic acid signal suppression

Retinoic acid signaling pathways

Retinoic acid structure

Retinoic acid syndrome

Retinoic acid synthesis

Retinoic acid taurine conjugate

Retinoic acid teratogenic effects

Retinoic acid tissue concentrations

Retinoic acid topical

Retinoic acid toxicity

Retinoic acid transmembrane signaling

Retinoic acid treatment

Retinoic acid turnover

Retinoic acid uncoupling protein

Retinoic acid, gene transcription regulated

Retinoic acid, growth action

Retinoic add

Retinoic add receptor

Retinoic receptor

Retinoic selective ligands

Retinoic trans

Retinoids, mice treatment retinoic acid

Retinol (vitamin retinoic acid

Retinol to retinoic acid

Silencing mediator of retinoic

Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid

Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor

Skin irritation retinoic acid

Synthesis of retinoic acid

TMMP analog of retinoic acid

Taurine retinoic acid

The Retinoic Acid Receptors RAR and RXR

Tissue differentiation, retinoic acid

Trans-retinoic acid

Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic

Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid

Tretinoin, topical (retinoic acid] (Retin

Vitamin A, retinoic acid

Vitamin retinoic acid

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