Receptors retinoic acid receptor

Nuclear Receptors Retinoic Acid Receptor Thyroid Hormone Receptor... 

H. Chiba, J. Clifford, D. Metzger, and P. Chambon. Distinct retinoid X receptor-retinoic acid receptor heterodimers are differentially involved in the control of expression of retinoid target genes in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Bid, 17 (6), 3013-3020, 1997. 

Retinoids failed to activate NADPH oxidase in dibutyryl cAMP differentiated HL-60 cells (Seifert and SCHACHTELE 1988). In HL-60 cells retinoids have been found to potentiate formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced and phorbol myrist-ate acetate-induced 02 formation (Seifert and SchAchtele 1988). Using receptor specific retinoid analogues it was demonstrated that retinoid X receptor-retinoic acid receptor heterodimers mediate retinoid-induced differentiation of HL60 cells, while retinoid X receptor-retinoid X receptor homodimers mediate subsequent retinoid-mediated apoptosis (Nagy et al. 1995, Kizaki et al. 1996). 

Brent et al., 1989] Brent, G. A., Dunn, M. K., Harney, J. W., Gulick, T., and Larsen, P. R. Thyroid hormone aporeceptor represses Ta inducible promoters and blocks activity of the retinoic acid receptor. New Biol. 1 (1989) 329-336 [Cevc and Marsh, 1987] Cevc, G., and Marsh, D. Phospholipid Bilayers Physical Principles and Models. John Wiley Sons, New York, 1987. 

CPR can be used to find continuous paths for complex transitions that might have hundreds of saddle points and need to be described by thousands of path points. Examples of such transitions include the quaternary transition between the R and T states of hemoglobin [57] and the reorganization of the retinoic acid receptor upon substrate entry [58]. Because CPR yields the exact saddle points as part of the path, it can also be used in conjunction with nonnal mode analysis to estimate the vibrational entropy of activation... 

H. M. M. Arafa, E. M. A. Hamada, M. M. A. Elzamai and H. Nau, Eully automated detemination of selective retinoic acid receptor ligands in mouse plasma and tissue by reversed-phase liquid chi omatography coupled on-line with solid-phase extraction , 7. Chromatogr. A 729 125-136 (1996). 

Chambon P (1996) A decade of molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors. FASEB J 10 940-954... 

Retinoids (i.e., tretinoin and tazarotene) mediate cellular responses primarily through activation of nuclear retinoid receptors [rr]. There are two types of nuclear retinoic acid receptors the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors. Each type of receptor contains three receptor subtypes alpha, beta, and gamma [rr, 11]. Among the commonly prescribed retinoids, tretinoin activates the RARs alpha, beta, and gamma directly, and the retinoid X receptors indirectly (through conversion of tretinoin to 9-cis-retinoic acid) [rr, 13]. Conversely,... 

Mologni L., Marches E., Nielsen P.E., Gai4BACOrti-Passerini C. Inhibition of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor-alpha and PML expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells by anti-PML peptide nucleic acid. Cancer Res. 2001 61 5468-5473. 

Retinoic acid receptor a (RARa) antagonist, 55% inhibition at 20 pM... 

Retinoic acid receptor p (RARP) agonist, ECso RARp = 200 nM, ECso RARa = 4 xM... 

Schapira M, Raaka BM, Samuels HH, Abagyan R. In silica discovery of novel retinoic acid receptor agonist structures. BMC Struct Biol 2001 1 1 (7 pages, www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6807/1/1). 

Costet, P, Lalanne, F, Gerbod-Giannone, MC, Molina, JR, Fu, X, Lund, EG, Gudas, LJ, and Tall, AR, 2003. Retinoic acid receptor-mediated induction of ABCA1 in macrophages. Mol Cell Biol 23, 7756-7766. 

Lian, E, K. Q. Hu, R. M. Russell, and X. D. Wang. 2006. Beta-cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non-small-cell lung cancer cells and up-regulates retinoic acid receptor beta expression. Int J Cancer 119(9) 2084—2089. 

Prakash, P., C. Liu, K. Q. Hu et al. 2004. Beta-carotene and beta-apo-14 -carotenoic acid prevent the reduction of retinoic acid receptor beta in benzo[a]pyrene-treated normal human bronchial epithelial cells. J Nutr 134(3) 667-673. 

Figure 7.3 Biocatalytic synthesis of the intermediate of a retinoic acid receptor gamma-specific agonist... 

The mechanisms of corticosteroid receptor regulation of transcription have been elucidated. Both type I and type II corticosteroid receptors are members of a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors defined by protein sequence similarity. Included in this superfamily are various other steroid receptors, such as the estrogen receptor, as well as members of the retinoic acid receptor... 

Lones D,MarkM,Mendehlson C, Dolle P, Decimo D, Chambon P (1995) Developmental roles of the retinoic acid receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 53 475... 

In another recent example, Hashimoto reported photoaffinity experiments on retinoic acid receptors (RAR). Retinoic acid plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation. RARs belong to the superfamily of nuclear/ thyroid hormone receptors. They consist of six transmembrane domains (A-F) which is a general feature of these receptors. The A/B domains have an autonomous transactivation function while the C-domain contains the Zn-finger, which binds to DNA. The large E-domain participates in ligand binding, dimerization, and ligand dependent transactivation. Finally, D- and F-domains help the orientation and stabilization of the E-domain. 

---