Retinoic add receptor

Mark M, Ghyselinck NB, Chambon P (2009) Function of retinoic add receptors during embryonic development. Nucl Recept Signal 7 e002... 

Retinoid acids (RAs), the active retinoid derivatives of vitamin A, regulate complex gene networks. The pleiotropic effects of active retinoids are transduced by their cognate nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and retinoic add receptors... 

M. Discovery of novel and potent retinoic add receptor alpha agonists syntheses and evaluation of benzofuranyl-pyrrole and benzo-thiophenyl-pyrrole. 7. Med. Chem. 2000, 45, 2929-2937. 

High-pressure FTIR measurements in 2003 [97] indicated that C H 0 bonds help stabilize p-sheets. These interactions were also instrumental in the formation of extended p-strands in a chain containing D-chiral residues [98], A helical hairpin motif was attributed [99] to CH- -O bonds between the side chains of one helix and the backbone of another in 2001. The large number (75) of CH O bonds exceeds the 49 conventional intersubunit H-bonds, indicating that the former contacts determine association and orientation of transmembrane helices in PSI [100]. A detailed survey [101] indicated that these bonds can affect the Trp rotation angle in proteins. These bonds were considered potentially as a driving force for ligand selectivity, as noted in the hydrophobic pocket of retinoic add receptor RARy [102]. 

Nuclear receptors also play an important role as drug targets in cardiovascular diseases. Peter Kolkhof, Lars Barfacker, Alexander Hillisch, Helmut Haning and Stefan Schafer review the mineralocorticoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor / and thyroid hormone receptors in detail based upon their therapeutic value, and additionally vitamin D receptor, retinoic add receptors and retinoid X receptors as well as liver X receptors are covered with a special focus on their role in cardiovascular diseases. 

Nuclear receptors, other Retinoic add receptors Isotretinoin (RARoi agonist)... 

Repa, J.J. Berg, J.A. Kaiser, MJi. Hanson, K.K. StrugneU, S.A. Clagett-Dame, M. One-step immimoaffi-nity purification of recombinant human retinoic add receptor 7. Protein Expression Purif 1997, 9, 319. 

Martin, P. J., V. Lardeux, et al. (2005). "The proliferating cell nuclear antigen regulates retinoic add receptor transcriptional activity through direct ptrotein-protein interaction." Nucleic Adds Res 33(13) 4311-4321. 

J.F., Sockalingum, G.D., Polissiou, M. and Manfait, M. (1997) Molecular and cellular interaction of the differentiating antitumour agent dimethylcrocetin with nuclear retinoic add receptor as studied by near-infrared and visible SERS spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 28, 159-63. 

Receptor fiir 9-ds retinoic acid, RXR 9-cis retinoic add. Terpenoids AGGTCA DR-1... 

Roalsvig, X, Honeyman, J.A., Tortola-Ni, D.R., Reczek, P. R., Mansuri, M.M., Starrett, J.E., Jr. Retinoic acid receptor beta,gamma-selective ligands synthesis and biological activity of 6-substituted 2-naphthoic add retinoids. J. Med. Chem. 

Kliewer, S.A., Umesono, K., Noonan, D.J. et al. (1992) Convergence of 9-cis retinoic add and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature, 358, 771-774. 

G., Speck, J., Kratzeisen, C., Rosenberger, M., Lovey, A. and Grippo, J.F. (1992) 9-Cis retinoic add stereoisomer binds and activates the nuclear receptor RXRa. Nature, 355, 359-361. 

A terminal carboxylic add group is necessary for receptor affinity. (R2) was devoid of ability to bind to any receptor and (R30) exhibited RARa and RAR affinities 10- and 4-fold less, respectively, than that of (Rl) [88]. While activation of RARs by retinol has been reported to be much less effective than by retinoic add, retinol has recently been reported as a potent and rapid (30 min) inducer of transcription of the RARa gene in vitamin A-deficient rats [100]. Possibly, retinoid defidency sensitizes rat... 

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