Restlessness caffeine

Caffeine is considered by pharmacologists to be a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. It has been shown to promote feelings of well being and increased abiUty to perform certain mental tasks efficiently. There are people who are oversensitive to the effects of caffeine overindulgence by these individuals, eg, intake of more than 600 mg caffeine/d, can bring unwanted effects such as anxiety, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, headache, or palpitations of the heart (54). 

Geen tea Camellia sinensis Reduces cancer, lowers lipid levels, helps prevent dental caries, antimicrobial and anti oxidative effects Contains caffeine (may cause mild stimulant effects such as anxiety, nervousness, heart irregularities, restlessness, insomnia, and digestive irritation) Contains caffeine and should be avoided during pregnancy, by individuals with hypertension, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers. 

It has been estimated that beverage consumption may provide the following amounts of caffeine per cup or average measure coffee, 30-150 mg (average 60-80 mg) instant coffee, 20-100 mg (average 40-60 mg) decaffeinated coffee, 2-4 mg tea, 10-100 mg (average 40 mg) cocoa, 2-50 mg (average 5 mg) cola drink, 25-60 mg. The maximal daily intake should not exceed about 1 g to avoid unpleasant side effects, e.g. headaches, restlessness. An acute lethal dose is about 5-10 g. 

Finally, our genetic variability may make us more or less prone to disease or the effects of a toxic agent. Some can tolerate caffeine before bed, while for others such exposure would result in a restless night. It is always important to consider the individual and the individual characteristics of a situation. 

The adverse effects of caffeine are a common experience to most caffeine consumers. Too much caffeine results in uncomfortable to adverse central nervous system effects, or neurotoxicity. The effects include restlessness, tension, and mild tremor or the jitters and may progress to feelings of anxiety and even fear. Regular caffeine users soon learn how to manage their caffeine consumption to maintain blood caffeine at a desirable level that produces mild stimulation without the uncomfortable neurotoxic effects. Fortunately, the half-life of caffeine is short, so that any undesirable effects soon decline. Many people also experience insomnia from caffeine consumption. Caffeine s effect on sleep varies from individual to individual. Some people can consume caffeine late in the evening and sleep well, but for other people consumption of caffeine late in the day affects sleep. It is important to understand your own individual response to caffeine. 

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR, Proquin XR) [Antibiotic/ Fluoroquinolone] Uses Rx lower resp tract, sinuses, skin skin structure, bone/joints, urinary tract Infxns including prostatitis Action Quinolone antibiotic DNA gyrase Dose Adults. 250-750 mg PO ql2h XR 500-1000 mg PO q24h or 200-400 mg IV ql2h in renal impair Caution [C, /-] Children <18 y Contra Component sensitivity Disp Tabs, susp, inj SE Restlessness, N/V/D, rash, ruptured tendons, T LFTs Interactions T Effects Wf probenecid T effects OF diazepam, theophylline, caffeine, metoprolol, propranolol, phenytoin, warfarin effects W/ antacids, didanosine, Fe salts. Mg, sucralfate, Na bicarbonate,... 

CNS The caffeine and theophylline are pharmacologically CNS stimulants and produce alertness and cortical arousal, but in higher doses causes restlessness, nervousness and insomnia. 

Caffeine is the most widely used of all the stimulants. Small doses of this chemical (50 to 200 mg) can increase alertness and reduce drowsiness and fatigue. The No-Doz tablet lists caffeine as the main ingredient. In addition, it affects blood circulation since the heart is stimulated and blood vessels are relaxed (vasodilation). It also acts as a diuretic. There are side effects. Large doses of over 200 mg can result in insomnia, restlessness, headaches, and muscle tremors ( coffee nerves ). Continued, heavy use may bring on physical dependence. (How many of you know somebody who cannot function in the morning until they have that first cup of coffee )... 

Chronic overdose. Excessive prolonged consumption of caffeine causes anxiety, restlessness, tremors, insomnia headache, cardiac extrasystoles and confusion diarrhoea may occur with coffee and constipation with tea. The cause can easily be overlooked if specific enquiry into habits is not made including children regarding cola drinks. Of coffee drinkers, up to 25% who complain of anxiety may benefit from reduction of caffeine intake. An adult heavy user may be defined as one who takes more than 300 mg caffeine/day, i.e. 4 cups of 150 ml of brewed coffee, each containing 80 20 mg caffeine per cup or 5 cups (60 20) of instant coffee. The equivalent for tea would be 10 cups at approximately 30 mg caffeine per cup and of cola drinks about 2.01. Plainly, caffeine drinks brewed to personal taste of consumer or vendor must have an extremely variable concentration according to source of coffee or tea, amormt used, method and duration of brewing. There is also great individual variation in the effect of coffee both between individuals and sometimes in the same individual at different times of life (see Sleep, above). 

The essential feature of this condition is chronic anxiety and worry. To the nonsufferer the focus of the worry often seems to be trivial, e.g. getting the housework done or being late for appointments, but to the patient it is insurmountable. The anxiety is often associated with other symptoms, which include restlessness, difficulty in concentrating, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbance. The course of the disorder is typically chronic with exacerbations at times of stress and is often associated with depression. Its chronic nature with worsening at times of stress helps to distinguish GAD from anxiety in the form of episodic panic attacks with associated anticipatory anxiety (panic disorder). Hyperthyroidism and caffeinism should also be excluded. 

Restlessness, irritability, and headache are withdrawal effects attributable to caffeine. These and other sjmp-toms can occur with lower doses of caffeine than generally supposed (30). The caffeine withdrawal headache may be responsible for the widespread practice of taking caffeine-containing analgesics habitually, since a withdrawal headache could create a vicious cycle of drug use (SEDA-5, 6). 

Caffeine gives coffee its bitter taste and some people a feeling of restlessness. 

Caffeine in guarana (Paullinia cupana), mate (Ilex paraguariensis), or concentrated green tea (Camelia sinensis) elicits a wide range of excitatory symptoms, particularly if it is present in excess. These plant products are frequently present in slimming preparations, and consumers should be aware of their potential to cause palpitations, sweating, insomnia, restlessness, agitations, tremors, headache, polydipsia and polyuria (DeSmet, 2004 Elvin-Lewis, 2001). 

Caffeine intoxication is the only official diagnosis associated with caffeinism in the DSM-IV-TR. Caffeine-induced anxiety may manifest as restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, diuresis, flushing, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, irritability, and jitteriness. If caffeine-induced insomnia requires specific treatment, caffeine-induced sleep disorder (DSM-IV-TR) is an appropriate diagnosis." ... 

Caffeine Restlessness, agitation, insomnia, diueresis, GI disturbances, excitement Headache, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea or vomiting Antagonist of adenosine receptors, increase cAMP in neurons that have adenosine receptors Avoid caffeine, analgesics Average adult consumes about 200 mg per day. A cup of coffee contains 100-150 mg of caffeine, tea has 1/3 as much... 

Overdosage of caffeine in a nontolerant individual causes insomnia, anxiety, diuresis, restlessness, excitement, nervousness, tinnitus, muscular tremor, headache, and scintillating scotoma. 

There may be some adverse effects due to excessive caffeine intake, such as restlessness, headaches, heart palpitations, heartburn, and insomnia. Some individuals may have a toxic reaction to it. Ingestion by pregnant women and nursing mothers may have adverse effects on fetuses and babies caffeine crosses the placenta and gets into breast milk. Caffeine has a wide margin of safety. A lethal dose for most people would be the amount of caffeine found in about one hundred cups of coffee. 

W 0 (X X w Caffeine Adenosine receptor antagonist. High dose T Ca++ permeability in sarcoplasmic reticulum and T cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase. Stimulates CNS, constricts cerebral arterioles, induces diuresis, stimulates heart, bronchodilates. Prolonged apnea in pre-term infants (unlabeled use). Included in some over-the counter analgesic preps, particularly headache remedies. Insomnia, restlessness, anxiety neurosis, nausea, tachycardia, diuresis. 

Caffeine is a stimulant of the central nervous system. It eliminates fatigue and drowsiness. However, high doses cause gastrointestinal motility, restlessness, sleeplessness, nervousness, and tremor. Acute poisoning effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, excitability, tremor, and sometimes, convulsive coma. Other symptoms may be respiratory depression, muscle contraction, distorted perception, and hallucination. Ingestion of 15-20 g may be fatal to humans. 

A. The earliest symptoms of acute caffeine poisoning are usually anorexia, tremor, and restlessness. These are followed by nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and confusion. With serious intoxication, delirium, seizures, supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia may occur. Hypotension is caused by excessive beta-2-mediated vasodilation and is characterized by a low diastolic pressure and a wide pulse pressure. 

The increase in caffeine levels with concurrent use would seem to be established. There are no reports of caffeine toxicity arising from this interaction and one study found no increase in the pharmacodynamic or adverse effects of caffeine despite a large increase in the levels. However, an increase in the stimulant and adverse effects of caffeine (headache, jitteriness, restlessness, insomnia) may be possible in susceptible patients if they continue to consume large amounts of caffeine-containing food or drinks (tea, coffee, cola drinks, chocolate, etc.) or take caffeine-containing medications. They should be warned to reduce their caffeine intake if problems develop. It has been suggested that some of the adverse effeets of fluvoxamine (i.e. nervousness, restlessness and insomnia) could in fact be caused by caffeine toxicity. However, a preliminary study, as well as the study reported above, found that caffeine intake had a limited effect on the frequency of adverse effects of fluvoxamine. ... 

Established interactions. Based on the results of two studies, on a scale of 100 to 0, the relative potencies of these quinolones as inhibitors of caffeine elimination have been determined as follows enoxacin 100, pipemidic acid 29, ciprofloxacin 11, norfloxacin 9 and ofloxacin 0. From further studies, clinafloxacin appears to be similar to enoxacin (profound effect), pefloxacin to norfloxacin (to which it is metabolised modest effect), and fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, rufloxacin, and trovafloxacin appear to behave like ofloxacin (no effect). Patients taking enoxacin might be expected to experience an increase in the effects of caffeine (such as headache, jitteriness, restlessness, insomnia) if, for example, they continue to drink their usual amounts of caffeine-containing drinks (tea, coffee, cola drinks, etc.). They should be warned to cut out or reduce their intake of caffeine if this occurs. The authors of one report suggest that patients with hepatic disorders, cardiac arrhythmias or latent epilepsy should avoid caffeine if they take enoxacin for one week or more. The effects of pipemidic acid arc less, and those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin arc probably of little or no clinical importance. Fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, rufloxacin, and trovafloxacin do not interact. 

One can develop both a tolerance for the xanthines and a dependence on them, particularly caffeine. The dependence is real, and a heavy user (>5 cups of coffee per day) will experience lethargy, headache, and perhaps nausea after about 18 hours of abstinence. An excessive intake of caffeine may lead to restlessness, irritability, insomnia, and muscular tremor. Caffeine can be toxic, but to achieve a lethal dose of caffeine, one would have to drink about 100 cups of coffee over a relatively short period. 

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