Dental caries prevention

Sakai, T., K. Kobashi, M. Tsunezuka, M. Hattori and T. Namba. Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional Chinese medicine (part VI). On the fluoride contents in crude drugs. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 1985 39(2) 165-169. 

Hattori, M., Hada, S., Watahiki, A., Ihara, H., Shu, Y.Z., Kakiuchi, N., Miznno, T. and Namba, T. (1986) Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional medicines. X. Antibacterial action of phenolic components from mace against Streptococcus mutans. Chemical and Pharmacological Bulletin 34, 3885-3893. 

T Namba, M Tsunezuka, KH Bae, M Hattori. Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional Chinese medicinesfPart I) Screening of crude drugs for antibacterial action against Streptcoccus mutans. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 35 295-302, 1981. 

Namba, T., et al. "Studies on Dental Caries Prevention by Traditional Medicines, Part VII. Screening of Ayurevedic Medicines for Anti-Plaque Action." Shoyakugaku Zasshi 39(2) 146153, 1985. Abstract. 

Hattori, M., K. Miyachi, Y.-Z. Shu, N, Kakiuchi, and T. Namba Studies on Dental Caries Prevention by Traditional Medicines. 9. Potent Antibacterial Action of Coumarin Derivatives from Licorice Roots against Streptococcus mutants. Shoyakugaku Zasshi (Jpn. J. Pharmacognosy), 40,406 (1986) Chem. Abstr., 107,46132a (1987). 

Kakiuchi N, Hattori M, Nishizawa M, Yamagashi T, Okuda T, Namba T 1986 Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional medicines. VIII. Inhibitory effect of various tannins on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem Pharm Bull 34 720-725... 

Namba T, Hattori M, Tsunezuka M, Yamagishi T et al. 1982 Studies on dental caries prevention by traditional Chinese medicines. 3. In vitro susceptibility of a variety of bacteria to magnolol and honokiol. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 36 222-227... 

Although the future may hold a vaccine which will prevent dental caries, dental health, including dental caries prevention, requires lifelong dedication of an individual who understands and incorporates into daily habits the benefits to be derived from the combined effects of nutrition and diet, oral hygiene (care of the teeth and supporting structures), and fluoride. 

Vitamin Dj has m.p. 115-117°C and D, m.p. 82 83 "C. Both vitamins, which have almost identical actions, are used for the prevention and cure of infantile rickets they are essential for the normal development of teeth, and are used for treating osteomalacia and dental caries. They are necessary for the absorption of Ca and P from the gut. 

Prior to this work, dietary fiber, of which ceUulose is oae of the more important constituents, was considered important primarily as a means of preventing or overcoming constipation. Otherwise, dietary fiber was considered to be a metaboHcally iaert substance. A large variety of diseases such as appendicitis, hiatus hernia, gallstones, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, dental caries, and duodenal ulcers are now suspected to be associated with the consumption of a highly refined diet (42). 

Fluoridation of potable water suppHes for the prevention of dental caries is one of the principal uses for sodium fluoride (see Water, municipal WATER treatment). Use rate for this appHcation is on the order of 0.7 to 1.0 mg/L of water as fluoride or 1.5 to 2.2 mg/L as NaF (2). NaF is also appHed topically to teeth as a 2% solution (see Dentifrices). Other uses are as a flux for deoxidiziag (degassiag) rimmed steel (qv), and ia the resmelting of aluminum. NaF is also used ia the manufacture of vitreous enamels, ia pickling stainless steel, ia wood preservation compounds, caseia glues, ia the manufacture of coated papers, ia heat-treating salts, and as a component of laundry sours. 

The most promising appHcation of titanium tetrafluoride is for use in topical appHcations for prevention of dental caries (7—13). It is being evaluated and compared to NaF, MFP, and SnF2 used in these appHcations. The other use is in mixed optical haHde glass (14—16), and in the preparation of fluorotitanates (17—19). 

Molybdenum, recognized as an essential trace element for plants, animals, and most bacteria, is present in a variety of metaHo enzymes (44—46). Indeed, the absence of Mo, and in particular its co-factor, in humans leads to severe debility or early death (47,48). Molybdenum in the diet has been impHcated as having a role in lowering the incidence of dental caries and in the prevention of certain cancers (49,50). To aid the growth of plants. Mo has been used as a fertilizer and as a coating for legume seeds (51,52) (see FERTILIZERS Mineral NUTRIENTS). 

Fluoride is added to table salt in countries such as France, Mexico, and Switzerland for the prevention of dental caries. 

Fluoride. A fluoride concentration of ca 1 mg/L is helpful in preventing dental caries. Eluoride is deterrnined potentiometrically with an ion-selective electrode. A buffer solution of high total ionic strength is added to the solution to eliminate variations in sample ionic strength and to maintain the sample at pH 5—8, the optimum range for measurement. (Cyclohexylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (CDTA) is usually added to the buffer solution to complex aluminum and thereby prevent its interference. If fluoroborate ion is present, the sample should be distilled from a concentrated sulfuric acid solution to hydrolyze the fluoroborate to free fluoride prior to the electrode measurement (26,27). 

NaF for water fluoridation, wood preservatives, the formulation of insecticides and fungicides, and use as a fluxing agent. It is also used to remove HF from gaseous Fz in the manufacture and purification of Fz-SnFz in toothpastes to prevent dental caries,... 

Geen tea Camellia sinensis Reduces cancer, lowers lipid levels, helps prevent dental caries, antimicrobial and anti oxidative effects Contains caffeine (may cause mild stimulant effects such as anxiety, nervousness, heart irregularities, restlessness, insomnia, and digestive irritation) Contains caffeine and should be avoided during pregnancy, by individuals with hypertension, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers. 

Some phosphorus-containing surfactants have bacteriostatic properties. In combination with their physiological acceptance they are used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In mutanase oral anticarie compositions the combination of alkyl phosphates and nonionic surfactants stabilizes mutanase. A dentifrice useful for prevention of dental caries contains 0.5% sodium lauryl phosphate and 1.5% polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate [222]. 

SAKANAKA s (1991) Prevention effects of tea polyphenols against dental caries , in Proc of Intern Symp on Tea Sci, 26-29 August, 1991, Shizuoka, Japan, 243-7. 

Horowitz, H. S. (1973). A review of systematic and topical fluorides for the prevention of dental caries. Community Dentistry Oral Epidemiology, 1, 104-14. 

Levine, R. S. (1976). The action of fluoride in caries prevention. A review of current concepts. British Dental Journal, 140, 9-14. 

Controlled and sustained drug delivery has recently begun to make an impression in the area of treatment of dental diseases. Many researchers have demonstrated that controlled delivery of antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine [128-130], ofloxacin [131-133], and metronidazole [134], can effectively treat and prevent periodontitis. The incidence of dental caries and formation of plaque can also be reduced by controlled delivery of fluoride [135,136]. Delivery systems used are film-forming solutions [129,130], polymeric inserts [132], implants, and patches. Since dental disease is usually chronic, sustained release of therapeutic agents in the oral cavity would obviously be desirable. 

The most widely studied therapeutic proteins produced in plants include monoclonal antibodies for passive immunotherapy and antigens for use as oral vaccines [40]. Antibodies against dental caries, rheumatoid arthritis, cholera, E. coli diarrhea, malaria, certain cancers, Norwalk virus, HIV, rhinovirus, influenza, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus have been produced in transgenic plants. However, the anti-Streptococcus mutans secretory antibody for the prevention of dental caries is the only plant-derived antibody currently in Phase II clinical trials [40]. Until recently, most antibodies were expressed in tobacco, potato, alfalfa, soybean, rice and wheat [9], It has been estimated that for every 170 tons of harvested tobacco, 100 tons represents harvested leaves. A single hectare could thus yield 50 kg of secretory IgA [3, 41]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that the cost of antibody production in plants is half that in transgenic animals and 20 times lower than in mammalian cell cul-... 

Most foods and drinking waters contain enough fluoride to result in the incorporation of significant amounts of fluoride into this mineral whereby the solubility decreases. Therefore, the system hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite is primarily of importance for the prevention of dental caries. However, in this context its theoretical treatment is important for geochemists who may be confronted with so-called subregular solid solutions. 

Sakanaka S, Shimura N, Aizawa M, Kim M and Yamamoto T (1992) Preventive effect of green tea polyphenols against dental caries in conventional rats. Biosci Biotech Biochem 56, 592-594. 

Chlorhexidine (C) is generally effective against all bacteria, but Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus, two bacteria particularly associated with dental lesions, are especially susceptible to its action. Stannous fluoride (D) is widely used in caries prevention, and many studies have proven its effectiveness. 

P.E. Petersen, M.A. Lennon, Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century The WHO approach, Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 32 (2004) 319-321. 

J.D. Featherstone, Prevention and reversal of dental caries Role of low level fluoride, Commun. Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 27 (1999) 31-40. 

T.M. Marthaler, P.E. Petersen, Salt fluoridation—An alternative in automatic prevention of dental caries, Int. Dent. J. 55 (2005) 351-358. 

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