Restlessness

Caffeine is considered by pharmacologists to be a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. It has been shown to promote feelings of well being and increased abiUty to perform certain mental tasks efficiently. There are people who are oversensitive to the effects of caffeine overindulgence by these individuals, eg, intake of more than 600 mg caffeine/d, can bring unwanted effects such as anxiety, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, headache, or palpitations of the heart (54). 

Codeine (morphine methyl ether) resembles morphine in its general effect, but is less toxic and its depressant action less marked and less prolonged, whilst its stimulating action involves not only the spinal cord, but also the lower parts of the brain. In small doses in man it induces sleep, which is not so deep as that caused by morphine, and in large doses it causes restlessness and increased reflex excitability rather than sleep. The respiration is slowed less than by morphine (cf. table, p. 261). Cases of addiction for codeine can occur but according to Wolff they are rare. The best known ethers of morphine are ethylmorphine and benzyl-morphine [cf., table, p. 261), both used to replace morphine or codeine for special purposes. 

Type B personality is characterized by a relaxed, unhurried, satisfied approach to life and work, in which strivings for achievement tend to flow with the stream of life rather than against it. A t) e A personality is related to strivings for achievement, and preoccupation with time and success even if against the flow of the enviromnent (Friedman and Rosemnan, 1974). A type A personality is considered to be less effective under stress than type B, as the former is characterized by preoccupation with time and success, plus restlessness, and feelings of being pressured (Orpen, 1982)... 

Rast-gdrung, /. Brewing) arrested fermentation. -klinke, /. catch, detent, pawl, latch, rastlos, a. restless. 

Measurement of muscle activity, usually measured by electrodes placed on the skin. The EMG is used in sleep research to aid in the discrimination of sleep stages, and also as part of diagnosis of sleep disorders such as periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome. 

Restless legs syndrome, also known as Ekbom s syndrome, causes unpleasant sensations in the legs such as tingling, discomfort and sometimes pain. Symptoms are usually worse at night and disturb sleep. Resting usually makes symptoms worse and activity relieves the condition. The cause of the condition is currently unknown but it is common and usually occurs in middle age. There are currently few treatments in place. 

INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION. When giving these drug IV, the nurse inspects the needle site and area around the needle at frequent intervals for signs of extravasation of the IV fluid. More frequent assessments are performed if the patient is restless or uncooperative. 

The nurse checks the IV infusion rate and the infusion site frequently during administration of the drug. This is especially important if the patient is restless or confused. 

Mydriasis, tachycardia, twitching, tremor, restlessness, irritability, anxiety, anorexia... 

Headache, nausea, increased heart rate, increase in systolic blood pressure, palpitations, anginal and nonspecific chest pain Nausea, vomiting, ectopic beats, tachycardia, anginal pain, palpitations, hypotension, dyspnea Anxiety, insomnia, tenseness, restlessness, headache, light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, dysuria, pallor... 

Anxiety, insomnia, tenseness, restlessness, headache, light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, dysuria, pallor... 

Restlessness, apprehension, anxiety, fear, CNS stimulation, cardiac arrhythmias, sweating, pallor, flushing, nausea... 

However, responses to administration of a cholinergic blocking drug vary and often depend on the drug and the dose used. For example, scopolamine may occasionally cause excitement, delirium, and restlessness. This reaction is thought to be a drug idiosyncrasy (an unexpected or unusual drug effect). 

When use of the CNS stimulants causes insomnia, the nurse administers the drug early in the day (when possible) to diminish sleep disturbances. The patient is encouraged not to nap during the day. Other stimulants, such as coffee, tea, or cola drinks, are avoided. In some patients, nervousness, restlessness, and palpitations may occur. The vital signs are checked every 6 to 8 hours or more often if tachycardia, hypertension, or palpitations occur. Many times these adverse reactions will diminish with continued use as tolerance develops. If tolerance develops, the dosage is not increased. 

When severe anxiety is present, it is important to obtain the history from a family member or friend. During the time the history is taken, the nurse observes the patient for behavioral symptoms indicating anxiety (eg, psychomotor agitation [extreme restlessness], facial grimaces, tense posture). Physiologic manifestations of anxiety include increased blood... 

Orthostatic hypotension, vertigo, dizziness, nausea, constipation, dry mouth, diarrhea, headache, restlessness, blurred vision, hypertensive crisis Orthostatic hypotension, vertigo, dizziness, nausea, constipation, dry mouth, diarrhea, headache, restlessness, blurred vision, hypertensive crisis... 

Akathisia—extreme restlessness and increased motor activity... 

Immediately report the occurrence of the following adverse reactions restlessness, inability to sit still, muscle spasms, masklike expression, rigidity, tremors, drooling, or involuntary rhythmic movements of the mouth, face, or extremities. Inform all patients about the risks of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia Avoid exposure to the sun. If exposure is unavoidable, wear sunblock, keep arms and legs covered, and wear a sun hat. 

Observations for fluid and electrolyte disturbances are particularly important in the aged or chronically ill patient in whom severe dehydration may develop in a short time. The nurse must immediately report symptoms of dehydration, such as dry mucous membranes decreased urinary output, concentrated urine, restlessness or confusion in the older adult. 

Use of oral decongestants may result in tachycardia and other cardiac arrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. 

Administration of a sympathomimetic bronchodilator may result in restlessness, anxiety, increase in blood pressure, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, and insomnia When these dragp are used by inhalation, excessive use (eg, over the recommended times) may result in paradoxical bronchospasm. 

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